Roger, 1863bRoger, J. 1863b. Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 7(Beilage):1-65. [1863-06] 128094: 1 (Formicidae); Mayr, 1863aMayr, G. 1863a. Formicidarum index synonymicus. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13:385-460. [1863] PDF 127213: 394 (Formicidae); Dalla Torre, 1893Dalla Torre, K. W. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. [1893] PDF 124002: 1 (Formicidae); Emery, 1910bEmery, C. 1910b. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae. Genera Insectorum 102:1-34. [1910-06-25] PDF 124696: 3 (Dorylinae); Emery, 1911eEmery, C. 1911e. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118:1-125. [1911-09-09] PDF 124702: 2 (Ponerinae); Emery, 1913aEmery, C. 1913a ("1912"). Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dolichoderinae. Genera Insectorum 137:1-50. [1913-03-08] PDF 124711: 2 (Dolichoderinae); Emery, 1921cEmery, C. 1921c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174A:1-94 + 7 plates. [1921-06-01] 124749: 3, Emery, 1922cEmery, C. 1922c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174B:95-206. [1922-09-02] PDF 124756: 95 and Emery, 1924fEmery, C. 1924f ("1922"). Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [concl.]. Genera Insectorum 174C:207-397. [1924-06-24] 124769: 207 (Myrmicinae); Emery, 1925dEmery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183:1-302. [1925-12-31] PDF 124775: 2 (Formicinae); Shattuck, 1994Shattuck, S. O. 1994. Taxonomic catalog of the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). University of California Publications in Entomology 112:i-xix, 1-241. [1994-01] PDF 128601: 1 (Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae); Bolton, 1995bBolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. [1995-10] 122860: 7 (Formicidae)

Forel, 1893bForel, A. 1893b. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 37:161-167. [1893-04-01>] PDF 125049: 161 (Formicidae); Emery, 1895lEmery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8:685-778. [1895-10-18] PDF 124599: 764 (Formicidae); Emery, 1896eEmery, C. 1896e. Clef analytique des genres de la famille des Formicides, pour la détermination des neutres. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 40:172-189. [1896-05-02>] PDF 124609: 173 (Formicidae); Ashmead, 1905cAshmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Canadian Entomologist 37:381-384. [1905-11-01] PDF 122385: 381 (Formicidae); Wheeler, 1910aWheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. [1910-03] 130044: 134 (Formicidae); Emery, 1910bEmery, C. 1910b. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae. Genera Insectorum 102:1-34. [1910-06-25] PDF 124696: 3 (Dorylinae); Emery, 1911eEmery, C. 1911e. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118:1-125. [1911-09-09] PDF 124702: 2 (Ponerinae); Emery, 1913aEmery, C. 1913a ("1912"). Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dolichoderinae. Genera Insectorum 137:1-50. [1913-03-08] PDF 124711: 2 (Dolichoderinae); Forel, 1917Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 51:229-253. [1917-03-08] PDF 124997: 235 (Formicidae); Emery, 1921cEmery, C. 1921c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174A:1-94 + 7 plates. [1921-06-01] 124749: 3 and Emery, 1922cEmery, C. 1922c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174B:95-206. [1922-09-02] PDF 124756: 95 (Myrmicinae); Wheeler, 1922Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139. 133015: 631 (Formicidae); Emery, 1924fEmery, C. 1924f ("1922"). Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [concl.]. Genera Insectorum 174C:207-397. [1924-06-24] 124769: 207 (Myrmicinae); Emery, 1925dEmery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183:1-302. [1925-12-31] PDF 124775: 2 (Formicinae); Brown, 1973bBrown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J.; Ayensu, E. S.; Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) 1973. Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. [1973-01] PDF 123216: 165, 178 (Formicidae); Snelling, 1981Snelling, R. R. 1981. Systematics of social Hymenoptera. Pp. 369-453 in: Hermann, H. R. (ed.) 1981. Social insects. Volume 2. New York: Academic Press, xiii + 491 pp. [1981] [1981] 128876: 387 (Formicidae); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985bWheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1985b. A simplified conspectus of the Formicidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 111:255-264. [1985-07-30] PDF 129918: 256 (Formicidae); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. [In Russian.]. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) 1988. Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. [In Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp. [1987-12-22>] 124165: 77 (Formicidae); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp. 122852: 9 (Formicidae); Bolton, 1994Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. [1994-07-25] 122834: 12 (Formicidae); Bolton, 2003Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. [2003-11-10] PDF 130789: 4 (Formicidae); Engel & Grimaldi, 2005Engel, M. S.; Grimaldi, D. A. 2005. Primitive new ants in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, New Jersey, and Canada (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). American Museum Novitates 3485:1-23. [2005-07-25] PDF 131191: 4 (Formicidae); Ward, 2007CWard, P. S. 2007C. Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 1668:549-563. [2007-12-21] PDF 132572: 549 (Formicidae)

Emery, 1896eEmery, C. 1896e. Clef analytique des genres de la famille des Formicides, pour la détermination des neutres. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 40:172-189. [1896-05-02>] PDF 124609: 173 (Formicidae subfamilies and genera); Emery, 1910bEmery, C. 1910b. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae. Genera Insectorum 102:1-34. [1910-06-25] PDF 124696: 4 (Dorylinae tribes and genera); Emery, 1911eEmery, C. 1911e. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118:1-125. [1911-09-09] PDF 124702: 4 (Ponerinae tribes and genera); Emery, 1913aEmery, C. 1913a ("1912"). Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dolichoderinae. Genera Insectorum 137:1-50. [1913-03-08] PDF 124711: 6 (Dolichoderinae tribes and genera); Escherich, 1917Escherich, K. 1917. Die Ameise, Schilderung ihrer Lebensweise. Zweite verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, xvi + 348 pp. [1917] 124797: 2 (Formicidae subfamilies); Emery, 1921cEmery, C. 1921c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174A:1-94 + 7 plates. [1921-06-01] 124749: 9, 12, 16 (Myrmicinae tribes and genera); Wheeler, 1922Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139. 133015: 631 (Formicidae subfamilies, tribes and genera); Emery, 1925dEmery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183:1-302. [1925-12-31] PDF 124775: 7 (Formicinae tribes and genera); Clark, 1951Clark, J. 1951. The Formicidae of Australia. Vol. 1. Subfamily Myrmeciinae. Melbourne: CSIRO, 230 pp. [1951] PDF 123635: 14 (Formicidae subfamilies); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1972aWheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1972a. The subfamilies of Formicidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 74:35-45. [1972-03-28] PDF 129891: 42 (Formicidae subfamilies); Snelling, 1981Snelling, R. R. 1981. Systematics of social Hymenoptera. Pp. 369-453 in: Hermann, H. R. (ed.) 1981. Social insects. Volume 2. New York: Academic Press, xiii + 491 pp. [1981] [1981] 128876: 386 (Formicidae subfamilies); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp. 122852: 33 (Formicidae subfamilies and genera); Bolton, 1990cBolton, B. 1990c. Army ants reassessed: the phylogeny and classification of the doryline section (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Natural History 24:1339-1364. [1990-10-19] PDF 122856: 1361 (Formicidae subfamilies); Shattuck, 1992cShattuck, S. O. 1992c. Generic revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 21:1-181. [1992] PDF 128605: 20 (Dolichoderinae genera); Ward, 1990Ward, P. S. 1990. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): generic revision and relationship to other formicids. Systematic Entomology 15:449-489. [1990-11] PDF 129605: 464 (Pseudomyrmecinae genera); Brothers & Finnamore, 1993Brothers, D. J.; Finnamore, A. T. 1993. Superfamily Vespoidea. Pp. 161-278 in: Goulet, H.; Huber, J. T. (eds.) 1993. Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada Publication 1894/E. Ottawa: Canada Communications Group, vii + 668 pp. [1993] 123042: 218 (Formicidae subfamilies); Bolton, 1994Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. [1994-07-25] 122834: 7 (Formicidae subfamilies and genera); Bolton, 2003Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. [2003-11-10] PDF 130789: 11 (revision of subfamilies); Boudinot, 2015Boudinot, B. E. 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages. European Journal of Taxonomy 120:1-62. PDF 142740: 14 (male-based subfamily key)

Forel, 1878cForel, A. 1878c. Études myrmécologiques en 1878 (première partie) avec l'anatomie du gésier des fourmis. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 15:337-392. [1878-10] PDF 125003: 339 (proventriculus); Janet, 1902Janet, C. 1902. Anatomie du gaster de la Myrmica rubra. Paris: G. Carré et C. Naud, 68 pp. [1902] 126123: 25 (general anatomy); Pietschker, 1910: 1 (brain structure); Wheeler, 1910aWheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. [1910-03] 130044: 13 (general morphology, anatomy); Emery, 1913dEmery, C. 1913d. La nervulation de l'aile antérieure des Formicides. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 21:577-587. [1913-09] 124714: 577 (venation); Wheeler, 1918cWheeler, W. M. 1918c. A study of some ant larvae, with a consideration of the origin and meaning of the social habit among insects. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 57:293-343. 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Comparative study of the metatibial gland in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoomorphology (Berlin) 116:157-167. [1996-12-17] 131493: 157 (metatibial gland); Wenseleers, Schoeters, et al. 1998: 121 (cloacal gland); Perrault, 1999APerrault, G. H. 1999A ("1998"). Heteroponera georgesi n. sp. de Guyane française (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 103:475-477. [1999-01-22] PDF 132006: 125 (thoracic anatomy); Perrault, 2005Perrault, G. H. 2005 ("2004"). Étude morphoanatomique et biométrique du métasoma antérieur des ouvrières. Contribution à la systématique et à la phylogénie des fourmis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (n.s.)40:291-371. [2005-08-10] 132008: 291 (anterior metasomal anatomy); Serna & MacKay, 2010Serna, F.; MacKay, W. 2010. A descriptive morphology of the ant genus Procryptocerus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Insect Science 10: Article 111 (available online: insectscience.org/10.111). 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Wheeler, 1920Wheeler, W. M. 1920. The subfamilies of Formicidae, and other taxonomic notes. Psyche (Cambridge) 27:46-55. [1920-06] PDF 129953: 52; Emery, 1920eEmery, C. 1920e. La distribuzione geografica attuale delle formiche. Tentativo di spiegarne la genesi col soccorso di ipotesi filogenetiche e paleogeografiche. Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Memorie. Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali (5)13:357-450. [1920] 124746: 370; Donisthorpe, 1922bDonisthorpe, H. 1922b ("1921"). The subfamilies of Formicidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1921:xl-xlvi. [1922-04-13] PDF 124234: xlvi; Wheeler, 1923gWheeler, W. M. 1923g. Social life among the insects. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., vii + 375 pp. [1923] 130169: 156; Wheeler, 1928hWheeler, W. M. 1928h. The social insects: their origin and evolution. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., xviii + 378 pp. [1928] 130203: 124; Stitz, 1935aStitz, H. 1935a. Formicidae. [part]. 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The first Mesozoic ants, with the description of a new subfamily. Psyche (Cambridge) 74:1-19. PDF 130410: 12; Taylor, 1978aTaylor, R. W. 1978a. Nothomyrmecia macrops: a living-fossil ant rediscovered. Science (Washington, D. C.) 201:979-985. [1978-09-15] PDF 129195: 982; Rasnitsyn, 1980Rasnitsyn, A. P. 1980. Origin and evolution of Hymenoptera. [In Russian.]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta. Akademiya Nauk SSSR 174:1-192. [1980-01-24>] 128005: 45-46 (foldout page); Lutz, 1986Lutz, H. 1986. Eine neue Unterfamilie der Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) aus dem mittel-eozänen Olschiefer der "Grube Messel" bei Darmstadt (Deutschland, S-Hessen). Senckenbergiana Lethaea 67:177-218. [1986-10-31] PDF 126988: 213; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. [In Russian.]. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) 1988. Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. [In Russian.]. 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A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97:13678-13683. [2000-12-05] 131402: 13680; Ohnishi, Imai & Yamamoto, 2004Ohnishi, H.; Imai, H. T.; Yamamoto, M.-T. 2004 ("2003"). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of ant subfamily relationship inferred from rDNA sequences. Genes and Genetic Systems 78:419-425. [2004-02-19] PDF 131945: 419; Astruc, Julien, Errard & Lenoir, 2004Astruc, C.; Julien, J. F.; Errard, C.; Lenoir, A. 2004. Phylogeny of ants (Formicidae) based on morphology and DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 31:880-893. [2004-06] PDF 130694: 880; Grimaldi & Engel, 2005Grimaldi, D.; Engel, M. S. 2005. Evolution of the insects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, xv + 755 pp. PDF 131404: 440; Wilson & Hölldobler, 2005AWilson, E. O.; Hölldobler, B. 2005A. The rise of the ants: a phylogenetic and ecological explanation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102:7411-7414. [2005-05-24] PDF 132627: 7411; Brady, Schultz, Fisher & Ward, 2006Brady, S. G.; Schultz, T. R.; Fisher, B. L.; Ward, P. S. 2006. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:18172-18177. [2006-11-28] PDF 130828: 18172; Moreau, Bell, Vila, Archibald & Pierce, 2006Moreau, C. S.; Bell, C. D.; Vila, R.; Archibald, S. B.; Pierce, N. E. 2006. Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms. Science (Washington, D. C.) 312:101-104. [2006-04-07] PDF 131881: 101; Ouellette, Fisher & Girman, 2006Ouellette, G. D.; Fisher, B. L.; Girman, D. J. 2006. Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40:359-369. [2006-08 </span>] PDF 131969: 359; Rabeling, Brown & Verhaagh, 2008Rabeling, C.; Brown, J. M.; Verhaagh, M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:14913-14917. [2008-09-30] PDF 132046: 14914; Keller, 2011Keller, R. A. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 355:1-90. [2011-08-10] PDF 132879: 1; Moreau & Bell, 2013Moreau, C. S.; Bell, C. D. 2013. Testing the museum versus cradle tropical biological diversity hypothesis: phylogeny, diversification, and ancestral biogeographic range evolution of the ants. Evolution 67:2240-2257. PDF 142401: 2245; Johnson, Borowiec, Chiu, Lee, Atallah & Ward, 2013Johnson, B. R.; Borowiec, M. L.; Chiu, J. C.; Lee, E. K.; Atallah, J.; Ward, P. S. 2013. Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps. Current Biology 23:2058-2062. [2013-10-21] PDF 142535: 2060

Scudder, 1891Scudder, S. H. 1891. Index to the known fossil insects of the world, including myriapods and arachnids. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 71:1-744. [1891] 128549: 682 (fossil taxa catalogue); Handlirsch, 1907Handlirsch, A. 1907. Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch für Paläontologen und Zoologen. Lieferung 6. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pp. 801-960. [1907-06] 125751: 859 (fossil taxa catalogue); Wheeler, 1915iWheeler, W. M. 1915i ("1914"). The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg 55:1-142. [1915] PDF 130096: 1 (Baltic amber fauna synopsis); Burnham, 1979Burnham, L. 1979 ("1978"). Survey of social insects in the fossil record. Psyche (Cambridge) 85:85-133. [1979-01-26] PDF 123341: 108 (fossils in amber checklist); Keilbach, 1982Keilbach, R. 1982. Bibliographie und Liste der Arten tierischer Einschlüsse in fossilen Harzen sowie ihrer Aufbewahrungsorte. Teil 1. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift (N.F.)29:129-286. [1982-03-15] 126289: 272 (fossils in amber checklist); Spahr, 1987Spahr, U. 1987. Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen zu R. Keilbach's Bibliographie und Liste der Bernsteinfossilien - Ordnung Hymenoptera. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 127:1-121. [1987-03-16] 128966: 41 (fossils in amber checklist); Carpenter, 1992Carpenter, F. M. 1992. Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part R. Arthropoda 4. Volume 4. Superclass Hexapoda. Boulder: Geological Society of America, pp. i-ii, 279-655. [1992-12-09] 123536: 490 (fossil genera review); Bolton, 1995bBolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp. [1995-10] 122860: 4 (fossil taxa checklist, in catalogue); Grimaldi, Agosti & Carpenter, 1997Grimaldi, D.; Agosti, D.; Carpenter, J. M. 1997. New and rediscovered primitive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cretaceous amber from New Jersey, and their phylogenetic relationships. American Museum Novitates 3208:1-43. [1977-10-23] PDF 131403: 1 (Cretaceous genera in amber review); Dlussky, 1997ADlussky, G. M. 1997A. Genera of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Baltic amber. [In Russian.]. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1997(6):50-62. PDF 131108: 617 (Baltic amber genera key); Bolton, 2003Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. [2003-11-10] PDF 130789: 73 (fossil subfamilies synopsis); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2007Dlussky, G. M.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2007. Paleontological record and stages of ant evolution. [In Russian.]. Uspekhi Sovremennoi Biologii 127:118-134. [2007] PDF 131131: 118 (Palaeontological record); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2009Dlussky, G. M.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2009. Ants (Insecta: Vespida: Formicidae) in the Upper Eocene amber of central and eastern Europe. Paleontological Journal 43:1024-1042. [2009-12] PDF 131132: 1024 (European Upper Eocene amber, synopsis of species); LaPolla, Dlussky & Perrichot, 2013LaPolla, J. S.; Dlussky, G. M.; Perrichot, V. 2013. Ants and the fossil record. Annual Review of Entomology 58:609-630. PDF 142316 (Mesozoic and Cenozoic major ant fossil deposits list, Cretaceous and Cenozoic ant fossils bibliographical review); Dlussky, Rasnitsyn & Perfilieva, 2015Dlussky, G. M.; Rasnitsyn, A. P.; Perfilieva, K. S. 2015. The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Bol’shaya Svetlovodnaya (Late Eocene of Sikhote-Alin, Russian Far East). Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 11(1):131-152. [2015-08-31] PDF 142813 (Late Eocene of Sikhote-Alin fossils); Barden & Grimaldi, 2016Barden, P.; Grimaldi, D. A. 2016. Adaptive radiation in socially advanced stem-group ants from the Cretaceous. Current Biology 26:515-521. PDF 142879 (Cretaceous stem-group ants and phylogeny); Barden, 2017Barden, P. 2017. Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages. Myrmecological News 24:1-30. 143000 (literature review).

Bolton, 1995aBolton, B. 1995a. A taxonomic and zoogeographical census of the extant ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History 29:1037-1056. [1995-08] PDF 122859: 1038 (census of extant taxa); Ward, Bolton, Shattuck & Brown, 1996Ward, P. S.; Bolton, B.; Shattuck, S. O.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1996. A bibliography of ant systematics. University of California Publications in Entomology 116:1-417. [1996-08] 132573: 55 (bibliography of systematics); Brown, 2000: 46 (overview of genera); Brandão, 2000Brandão, C. R. F. 2000. Major regional and type collections of ants (Formicidae) of the world and sources for the identification of ant species. Pp. 172-185 in: Agosti, D.; Majer, J. D.; Alonso, L. E.; Schultz, T. R. (eds.) 2000. Ants. Standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, xix + 280 pp. [2000-11] [2000-11] 130830: 172 (list of major ant collections); Bolton, 2003Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. [2003-11-10] PDF 130789: 15, 77 (diagnosis, synopsis); Bolton, 2007ABolton, B. 2007A. How to conduct large-scale taxonomic revisions in Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80:52-71. [2007-09] 130793: 51 (method for taxonomic revisions); Taylor, 2007Taylor, R. W. 2007. Bloody funny wasps! Speculations on the evolution of eusociality in ants. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80:580-609. [2007-09] 132428: 580 (eusociality in ants)

NEARCTIC & PALEARCTIC: Smith, 1951cSmith, M. R. 1951c. Family Formicidae. Pp. 778-875 in: Muesebeck, C. F.; Krombein, K. V.; Townes, H. K. (eds.) 1951. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph 2:1-1420. [1951-07-11] 128824: 778; Smith, 1958cSmith, M. R. 1958c. Family Formicidae. Pp. 108-162 in: Krombein, K. V. (ed.) 1958. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalogue. First supplement. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph 2(suppl. 1):1-305. [1958-10-08] 128854: 108 (first supplement to previous); Smith, 1967aSmith, M. R. 1967a. Family Formicidae. Pp. 343-374 in: Krombein, K. V.; Burks, B. D. (eds.) 1967. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalog. Second supplement. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph 2(suppl. 2):1-584. [1967-02] 128863: 343 (second supplement); Smith, 1979Smith, D. R. 1979. Superfamily Formicoidea. Pp. 1323-1467 in: Krombein, K. V.; Hurd, P. D.; Smith, D. R.; Burks, B. D. (eds.) 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. i-xvi, 1199-2209. [1979] 128659: 1323; Karaman, 2011Karaman, M. G. 2011. A catalogue of the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Montenegro [in Montenegrin]. Podgorica: Catalogues 3, Volume 2, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, 140 pp. PDF 142634 (Montenegro catalogue); Borowiec, 2014Borowiec, L. 2014. Catalogue of ants of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Genus (Wroclaw) 25(1-2):1-340. [2014-07-15] PDF 142632 (Europe, Mediterranean Basin and adjacent regions); Castaño-Meneses, Vásquez-Bolaños, Navarrete-Heredia, Quiroz-Rocha & Alcalá-Martínez, 2015Castaño-Meneses, G.; Vásquez-Bolaños, M.; Navarrete-Heredia, J. L.; Quiroz-Rocha, G. A.; Alcalá-Martínez, I. 2015. Avances de Formicidae de México. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 211 pp. PDF 142804 (Mexico partial checklist).

NEOTROPICAL: Kempf, 1972bKempf, W. W. 1972b. Catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical. Studia Entomologica 15:3-344. [1972-08-25] PDF 126357: 3; Brandão, 1991Brandão, C. R. F. 1991. Adendos ao catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 35:319-412. [1991-08-31] PDF 122994: 319 (supplement to previous); Castaño-Meneses, Vásquez-Bolaños, Navarrete-Heredia, Quiroz-Rocha & Alcalá-Martínez, 2015Castaño-Meneses, G.; Vásquez-Bolaños, M.; Navarrete-Heredia, J. L.; Quiroz-Rocha, G. A.; Alcalá-Martínez, I. 2015. Avances de Formicidae de México. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 211 pp. PDF 142804 (Mexico partial checklist).Salazar & Donoso, 2013Salazar, F.; Donoso, D. A. 2013. New ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) records for Ecuador deposited at the Carl Rettenmeyer ant collection in the QCAZ Museum. Boletín Técnico 11. Serie Zoológica 8-9:151-177. PDF 142800: 151 (partial checklist)

AFROTROPICAL AND MALAGASY: Wheeler, 1922Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139. 133015: 727, 1005

ORIENTAL AND MALESIAN: Chapman & Capco, 1951Chapman, J. W.; Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monographs of the Institute of Science and Technology. Manila 1:1-327. [1951] PDF 123583: 9

AUSTRAL: Taylor & Brown, 1985Taylor, R. W.; Brown, D. R. 1985. Formicoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia 2:1-149, 306-348. [1985] 129218: 5; Taylor, 1987aTaylor, R. W. 1987a. A checklist of the ants of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Division of Entomology Report 41:1-92. [1987-06] PDF 129202: 1; Taylor, 1987bTaylor, R. W. 1987b. A checklist of the ants of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). First supplement, 10 July, 1987. CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Division of Entomology Report 41(Suppl.1):1-5. [1987-07] 129203: 1 (supplement to previous)

Mayr, 1855Mayr, G. 1855. Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien 5:273-478. [1855] PDF 127185: 299 (Austria); Mayr, 1861Mayr, G. 1861. Die europäischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Wien: C. Gerolds Sohn, 80 pp. [1861] PDF 127189: 25 (Europe); Forel, 1874Forel, A. 1874. Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systématique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution géographique, nouvelles expériences et observations de moeurs. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26:1-452. [1874] PDF 124988: 19 (Switzerland); Saunders, 1880Saunders, E. 1880. Synopsis of the British Heterogyna and fossorial Hymenoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1880:201-304. [1880-12-31] PDF 128453: 202 (Britain); André, 1882aAndré, Ern. 1882a. Les fourmis. [part]. Pp. 49-80 in: André, Edm. 1882. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp. [1882-01] 122251: 125 (Europe & Algeria); Nasonov, 1889Nasonov, N. V. 1889. Contribution to the natural history of the ants primarily of Russia. 1. Contribution to the ant fauna of Russia. [In Russian.]. Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya Antropologii i Etnografii pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom Universitete 58:1-78. [1889] 127508: 50 (Russia); Lameere, 1892Lameere, A. 1892. Note sur les fourmis de la Belgique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 36:61-69. [1892-02-06>] 126777: 62 (Belgium); Saunders, 1896Saunders, E. 1896. The Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British islands. A descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to habits, localities, habitats, etc. London: L. Reeve & Co., 391 pp. [1896] 128456: 18 (Britain); Ruzsky, 1905bRuzsky, M. 1905b. The ants of Russia. (Formicariae Imperii Rossici). Systematics, geography and data on the biology of Russian ants. Part I. [In Russian.]. Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitete 38(4-6):1-800. [1905] 128184: 99 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906Wasmann, E. 1906. Zur Kenntniss der Ameisen und Ameisengäste von Luxemburg. Archives. Institut Grand-Ducal de Luxembourg (n.s.)1(1/2):104-124. [1906-06] PDF 129630: 7 (Luxemburg); Emery, 1908aEmery, C. 1908a. Beiträge zur Monographie der Formiciden des paläarktischen Faunengebietes. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1908:165-205. [1908-03-01] PDF 124676 (Palaearctic); Bondroit, 1910Bondroit, J. 1910 ("1909"). Les fourmis de Belgique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 53:479-500. [1910-01-05] PDF 122874: 480 (Belgium); Stitz, 1914Stitz, H. 1914. Die Ameisen (Formicidae) Mitteleuropas, insbesondere Deutschlands. Pp. 1-111 in: Schröder, C. (ed.) 1914. Die Insekten Mitteleuropas insbesondere Deutschlands. Band II, Hymenopteren, 2. Teil. Stuttgart: Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, 256 pp. [1914] 129025: 54 (Central Europe); Donisthorpe, 1915fDonisthorpe, H. 1915f. British ants, their life-history and classification. Plymouth: Brendon & Son Ltd., xv + 379 pp. [1915] 124216: 65 (Britain); Forel, 1915dForel, A. 1915d. Fauna insectorum helvetiae. Hymenoptera. Formicidae. Die Ameisen der Schweiz. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 12(Beilage):1-77. [1915] 125260: 1 (Switzerland); Emery, 1916aEmery, C. 1916a ("1915"). Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera.-Formicidae. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 47:79-275. [1916-11-30] PDF 124734: 92 (Italy); Bondroit, 1918Bondroit, J. 1918. Les fourmis de France et de Belgique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 87:1-174. [1918-12-24] PDF 122872: 12 (France & Belgium); Kutter, 1920b: 132 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922bSoudek, S. 1922b. Mravenci. Soustava, zemepisné rozsírení, oekologie a urcovací klíc mravencu zijících na území Ceskoslovenské republiky. Praha: Ceskoslovenská Spolecnost Entomologická, 100 pp. [1922] PDF 128940: 17 (Czechoslovakia); Lomnicki, 1925aLomnicki, J. 1925a ("1924"). Przeglad polskich gatunków rodzaju mrówki (Formica Linné). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 3:151-182. [1925-03-15<] PDF 126935: 160 (Poland); Stärcke, 1926Stärcke, A. 1926. Nieuwe Nederlandsche Formiciden (benevens enkele systematische opmerkingen). Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam) 7:86-97. [1926-05-01] 128985: 79 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927dKaravaiev, V. 1927d. The ant fauna of Ukraine. [In Ukrainian.]. Zbirnyk Prats' Zoolohichnoho Muzeyu 2:1-52 [= Trudy. Ukrains'ka Akademiya Nauk. Fizichno-Matematichnoho Viddilu 4:247-296]. [1927] 126255: 254 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927cDonisthorpe, H. 1927c. British ants, their life history and classification (2nd edn.). London: G. Routledge and Sons, xvi + 436 pp. [1927] 124250: 66 (Britain); Arnol'di, 1933aArnol'di, K. V. 1933a. Formicidae - ants. [In Russian.]. Pp. 594-605 in: Filip'ev, I. N.; Ogloblin, D. A. (eds.) 1933. Keys to insects. [In Russian.]. Moskva: Ogiz, viii + 820 pp. [1933-12-03>] 122356: 596 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933bMenozzi, C. 1933b. Le formiche della Palestina. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 12:49-113. [1933-06-15] PDF 127374: 87 (Israel); Karavaiev, 1934Karavaiev, V. 1934. The fauna of the family Formicidae (ants) of the Ukraine. [In Ukrainian.]. Trudy Instytutu Zoolohii ta Biolohii Vseukrains'koi Akademii Nauk. Seriya 1. Pratsi z Systematyky ta Faunistyky 1934:1-164. [1934-09-27>] 126234: 48 (Ukraine); Stitz, 1939Stitz, H. 1939. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meersteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise. 37. Theil. Hautflüger oder Hymenoptera. I: Ameisen oder Formicidae. Jena: G. Fischer, 428 pp. [1939] 129033: 56 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941bKratochvíl, J. 1941b. [Untitled. New subgenera of Tetramorium, and a new subspecies, Tetramorium ferox silhavyi, attributed to Kratochvíl.]. P. 84 in: Novák, V.; Sadil, J. 1941. Klíc k urcování mravencu strední Evropy se zvlástním zretelem k mravencí zvírene Cech a Moravy. Entomologické Listy 4:65-115. [1941] 126513: 69 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941Novák, V.; Sadil, J. 1941. Klíc k urcování mravencu strední Evropy se zvlástním zretelem k mravencí zvírene Cech a Moravy. Entomologické Listy 4:65-115. PDF 126512: 69 (Central Europe); Ceballos, 1943Ceballos, G. 1943. Las tribus de los himenópteros de España. [part]. Madrid: Instituto Español de Entomología, pp. 289-420. [1943-12-30] 123568: 313 (Spain);Holgersen, 1942bHolgersen, H. 1942b. Ants of northern Norway (Hym., Form.). Tromso Museums Årshefter [Aarshefter] 63(2):1-34. [1942-10-09] PDF 125917: 3 (Northern Norway); Holgersen, 1943cHolgersen, H. 1943c. Bestemmelsestabell over norske maur (Hym., Formicidae). Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift 6:164-182. [1943-09-01] 125920: 166 and Holgersen, 1944aHolgersen, H. 1944a. The ants of Norway (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Nytt Magasin for Naturvidenskapene 84:165-203. [1944-09-08] 125923: 198 (Norway); Boven, 1947: 168 (Belgium); Collingwood, 1958bCollingwood, C. A. 1958b. A key to the species of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) found in Britain. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 13:69-96. [1958-04-30] PDF 123782: 69 (Britain); Somfai, 1959Somfai, E. 1959. Hangya alkatúak Formicoidea. Magyarország Allatvilága 43:1-79. [1959-02-11] 128917: 1 (Hungary); Boven, 1959Boven, J. K. A. 1959. Vliesvleugelige insekten - Hymenoptera VI. Angeldragers (Aculeata). Mieren (Formicidae). Wetenschappelijke Mededelingen. Koninklijke Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging 30:1-32. [1959-01] 122956: 1 (Netherlands); Collingwood, 1964bCollingwood, C. A. 1964b. The identification and distribution of British ants. 1. A revised key to the species found in Britain. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 16:93-114,121. [1964-12] PDF 123798: 93 (Britain); Bernard, 1967aBernard, F. 1967a ("1968"). Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. 3. Les fourmis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Paris: Masson, 411 pp. [1967-11] PDF 122660: 75 (Western Europe); Boven, 1970bBoven, J. K. A. 1970b. Le polymorphisme des ouvrières de Megaponera foetens Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Publicatiës van het Natuurhistorisch Genootschap in Limburg 20(3/4):5-9. [1970] 122979: 7 (Netherlands); Tarbinsky, 1976Tarbinsky, Y. S. 1976. The ants of Kirghizia. [In Russian.]. 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[1978-11-02>] 122371: 520 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978Collingwood, C. A. 1978. A provisional list of Iberian Formicidae with a key to the worker caste (Hym. Aculeata). EOS. Revista Española de Entomología 52:65-95. [1978-05-10] PDF 123763: 65 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979Collingwood, C. A. 1979. The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8:1-174. [1979] PDF 123764: 28 (Fennoscandia & Denmark); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981Schembri, S. P.; Collingwood, C. A. 1981. A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria" 83:417-442. [1981-09-01] PDF 128469: 417 (Malta); Verhaeghe, Deligne, et al., 1984: 105 (Belgium genera); Gösswald, 1985Gösswald, K. 1985. Organisation und Leben der Ameisen. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 355 pp. [1985] 125570: 262 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985Collingwood, C. A. 1985. 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Erevan: Gitutium, 153 pp. [1994-06-20>] PDF 122300: 1 (Armenia); Radchenko, 1994bRadchenko, A. G. 1994b. Identification table for the ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of southern Siberia. [In Russian.]. Pp. 95-118 in: Kotenko, A. G. (ed.) 1994. Hymenopterous insects of Siberia and the Far East. [In Russian.]. Trudy Zapovednika "Daurskii" 3:1-147. [1994-06-10>] 127961: 95 (South Siberia); Seifert, 1994aSeifert, B. 1994a ("1993"). Die freilebenden Ameisenarten Deutschlands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) und Angaben zu deren Taxonomie und Verbreitung. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz 67(3):1-44. [1994-01-10] PDF 128577: 1 (Germany, synopsis); Onoyama & Terayama, 1994Onoyama, K.; Terayama, M. 1994. A list of references on Japanese ants. [In Japanese.]. Tokyo: Myrmecological Society of Japan, iii + 50 pp. [1994-03-25] 127638: 1 (Japan bibliography); Bolton, 1994Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. 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Sana'a: Yemeni-German Plant Protection Project, 39 pp. 123815: 1 (Yemen); Seifert, 1996BSeifert, B. 1996B. Ameisen beobachten, bestimmen. Augsburg: Naturbuch Verlag, 351 pp. [1996-12-31] 132274: 106 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996Skinner, G. J.; Allen, G. W. 1996. Ants. Naturalists' Handbook 24. Slough: Richmond Publishing Co., ii + 83 pp. [1996] 132350: 40 (Britain); Dlussky, 1997ADlussky, G. M. 1997A. Genera of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Baltic amber. [In Russian.]. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1997(6):50-62. PDF 131108: 616 (*Baltic Amber genera); Collingwood & Prince, 1998Collingwood, C.; Prince, A. 1998. A guide to ants of continental Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia. Suplemento 5:1-49. [1998-07] 130938: 9 (Portugal); Czechowski, Radchenko & Czechowska, 2002Czechowski, W.; Radchenko, A.; Czechowska, W. 2002. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Poland. Warsaw: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 200 pp. PDF 130994: 133 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002Aktaç, N.; Radchenko, A. G. 2002. Türkiye karincalarinin (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) altfamilya ve cins tani anahtarlari. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 26:51-61. [2002-03] 130646: 53 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002BYoshimura, M.; Onoyama, K. 2002B. Male-based keys to the subfamilies and genera of Japanese ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomological Science 5:421-443. [2002-12-25] PDF 132694: 424 (Japan genera, males key); Imai, Kihara, Kondoh, et al. 2003: 8 (Japan); Radchenko, 2005BRadchenko, A. 2005B. Monographic revision of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of North Korea. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 55:127-221. [2005-06-30] PDF 132056: 183 (North Korea); Seifert, 2007Seifert, B. 2007. Die Ameisen Mittel- und Nordeuropas. 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Provancher, 1883Provancher, L. 1883. Petite faune entomologique du Canada et particulièrement de la province de Québec. Vol. II. Comprenant les Orthoptères, les Névroptères et les Hyménoptères. Québec: C. Darveau, vii + v + 879 pp. [with some irregularities in pagination]. [1883] PDF 127914: 596 (Canada); Provancher, 1887Provancher, L. 1887. Fam. X. - Les Formicides. Dummy reference. Pp. 224-249 in: Provancher, L. 1887. 1885-1889. Additions et corrections au Volume II de la Faune entomologique du Canada, traitant des Hyménoptères. Québec: C. Darveau, 477 pp. 133021: 225 (Canada); Cresson, 1887Cresson, E. T. 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Suppl. Vol. 1887:1-351. [1887] PDF 123936: 93 (U.S.A.); Wheeler, 1910aWheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. [1910-03] 130044: 557 (North America genera); Wheeler, 1916rWheeler, W. M. 1916r. Formicoidea. Formicidae. Pp. 577-601 in: Viereck, H. L. 1916. Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part III. The Hymenoptera, or wasp-like insects, of Connecticut. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey. Bulletin 22:1-824. [1916] 130115: 579 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Cole, 1942Cole, A. C., Jr. 1942. The ants of Utah. American Midland Naturalist 28:358-388. [1942-10-13] PDF 123672: 359 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, 1943eSmith, M. R. 1943e. A generic and subgeneric synopsis of the male ants of the United States. American Midland Naturalist 30:273-321. [1943-10-22] PDF 128795: 276 (U.S.A. subfamilies & genera, males); Buren, 1944aBuren, W. F. 1944a. A list of Iowa ants. Iowa State College Journal of Science 18:277-312. [1944-04] PDF 123329: 278 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, 1947fSmith, M. R. 1947f. A generic and subgeneric synopsis of the United States ants, based on the workers. American Midland Naturalist 37:521-647. [1947-07-27] PDF 128808: 524 (U.S.A. genera); Creighton, 1950aCreighton, W. S. 1950a. The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 104:1-585. [1950-04] PDF 123910: 29 (North America); Gregg, 1963Gregg, R. E. 1963. The ants of Colorado, with reference to their ecology, taxonomy, and geographic distribution. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, xvi + 792 pp. [1963] 125667: 278 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1963Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1963. The ants of North Dakota. Grand Forks, North Dakota: University of North Dakota Press, viii + 326 pp. [1963] 129848: 149 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Francoeur, 1979aFrancoeur, A. 1979a. Les fourmis du Québec. 1. Introduction. 2. La famille des Formicidae. 3. La sous-famille des Ponerinae. Annales de la Société Entomologique du Québec 24:12-47. [1979-01] PDF 125338: 48 (Canada, Québec, introduction); Allred, 1982Allred, D. M. 1982. Ants of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 42:415-511. [1982-12-31] 122181: 437 (U.S.A., Utah); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986gWheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1986g. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, vii + 138 pp. [1986] PDF 129925: 16 (U.S.A., Nevada); Mackay, Lowrie, et al., 1988: 81 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Cover, in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp. 122852: 62 (Nearctic genera key); Mackay & MacKay, 2002Mackay, W.; MacKay, E. 2002. The ants of New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 400 pp. [2002-12] PDF 131795: 16 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003Dlussky, G. M.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2003 ("2002"). Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Formation Green River and some other Middle Eocene deposits of North America. Russian Entomological Journal 11:411-436. [2003-06] PDF 131135: 430 (*Eocene North American genera); Bolton, 1994Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. [1994-07-25] 122834: 25, 38, 48, 95, 160 (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae genera keys); Coovert, 2005: 1 (U.S.A., Ohio); Ward, 2005Ward, P. S. 2005. A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 936:1-68. [2005-04-12] PDF 132562: 20 (U.S.A., California genera); Fisher & Cover, 2007Fisher, B. L.; Cover, S. P. 2007. Ants of North America. A guide to genera. Berkeley: University of California Press, xiv + 194 pp. [2007-09] 131301: 1 (North American genera key)

Gallardo, 1915Gallardo, A. 1915. Observaciones sobre algunas hormigas de la República Argentina. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 27:1-35. [1915-06-03] PDF 125411: 30 (Argentina genera); Menozzi & Russo, 1930Menozzi, C.; Russo, G. 1930. Contributo alla conoscenza della mirmecofauna della Repubblica Dominicana (Antille). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura. Portici 24:148-173. PDF 127353: 169 (Dominican Republic); Smith, 1937Smith, M. R. 1937 ("1936"). The ants of Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 20:819-875. [1937-01] PDF 128776: 822 (Puerto Rico); Kusnezov, 1956aKusnezov, N. 1956a. Claves para la identificación de las hormigas de la fauna argentina. Idia 104-105:1-56. [1956-09] PDF 126654: 7 (Argentina); Kusnezov, 1960bKusnezov, N. 1960b ("1959"). La fauna de hormigas en el oeste de la Patagonia y Tierra del Fuego. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 17:321-401. [1960-06-10] PDF 126667: 330 (West Patagonia); Snelling & Hunt, 1975Snelling, R. R.; Hunt, J. H. 1975. The ants of Chile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Chilena de Entomología 9:63-129. [1976-05] PDF 128906: 63 (Chile); Kempf, 1978aKempf, W. W. 1978a. Formicidae-Hym. 111. Chave para identificação de operárias des sete subfamilias que ocorrem no Brasil. Studia Entomologica 20:33. [1978-08-30] 126377: 33 (Neotropical subfamilies); Baroni Urbani, 1984Baroni Urbani, C. 1984 ("1983"). Clave para la determinación de los géneros de hormigas neotropicales. Graellsia 39:73-82. [1984-02-10] PDF 122506: 73 (Neotropical genera); Mackay & Mackay, 1989: 1 (Mexico genera); Cover, in Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp. 122852: 69 (Neotropical genera key); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993Jaffe, K. 1993. El mundo de las hormigas. Baruta, Venezuela: Equinoccio (Ediciones de la Universidad Simón Bolívar), 188 pp. [1993-07] 126108: 145 (Neotropical subfamilies & genera); Bolton, 1994Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp. [1994-07-25] 122834: 26, 38, 49, 98, 162 (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae genera keys); Fernández, Palacio, MacKay & MacKay, 1996Fernández, F.; Palacio, E. E.; MacKay, W. P.; MacKay, E. S. 1996. Introducción al estudio de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) de Colombia. Pp. 349-412 in: Andrade, M. G.; Amat García, G.; Fernández, F. (eds.) 1996. Insectos de Colombia. Estudios escogidos. Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 541 pp. [1996-09] 131275: 353 (Neotropical subfamilies); Fernández & Ospina, in CANNOT FIND REFERENCE WITH ID 133005 : 49 (Neotropical genera synopsis); Palacio & Fernández, in CANNOT FIND REFERENCE WITH ID 133005 : 233 (Neotropical subfamilies and genera keys)

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