<ref name="Carpenter_1992">{{cite book |first1=F. M. |last1=Carpenter |year=1992 |title=Treatise on invertebrate paleontology. Part R. Arthropoda 4. Volume 4. Superclass Hexapoda |url= |location=Boulder |publisher=Geological Society of America |pages=pp. i–ii, 279–655 |isbn=}}</ref>