<ref name="Collingwood_&_Van_Harten_1993">{{cite journal |first1=C. A. |last1=Collingwood |first2=A. |last2=Van Harten |year=1993 |title=The ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the Cape Verde Islands |url= |journal=Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg |publisher= |volume=159 |issue= |pages=411–414 |doi= }}</ref>