<ref name="Franks_&_Scovell_1983">{{cite journal |first1=N. R. |last1=Franks |first2=E. |last2=Scovell |year=1983 |title=Dominance and reproductive success among slave-making worker ants |url= |journal=Nature (London) |publisher= |volume=304 |issue= |pages=724–725 |doi= }}</ref>