<ref name="Heinze_&_Alloway_1992">{{cite journal |first1=J. |last1=Heinze |first2=T. M. |last2=Alloway |year=1992 |title=''Leptothorax'' ''paraxenus'' n. sp., a workerless social parasite from North America (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |url=https://antcat.org/documents/1649/4839.pdf |journal=Psyche (Cambridge) |publisher= |volume=98 |issue= |pages=195–206 |doi= }}</ref>