<ref name="Stein_&_Thorvilson_1989">{{cite journal |first1=M. B. |last1=Stein |first2=H. G. |last2=Thorvilson |year=1989 |title=Ant species sympatric with the red imported fire ant in southeastern Texas |url= |journal=Southwestern Entomologist |publisher= |volume=14 |issue= |pages=225–231 |doi= }}</ref>