<ref name="Düssmann_et_al_1996">{{cite journal |first1=O. |last1=Düssmann |first2=C. |last2=Peeters |first3=B. |last3=Hölldobler |year=1996 |title=Morphology and reproductive behaviour of intercastes in the ponerine ant ''Pachycondyla obscuricornis'' |url= |journal=Insectes Sociaux |publisher= |volume=43 |issue= |pages=421–425 |doi= }}</ref>