<ref name="Bernasconi_&_Keller_1999">{{cite journal |first1=C. |last1=Bernasconi |first2=L. |last2=Keller |year=1999 |title=Effect of queen phenotype and social environment on early queen mortality in incipient colonies of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta |url=https://antcat.org/documents/8464/1-s2-0-s0003347298909551-main.pdf |journal=Animal Behavior |publisher= |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=371–377 |doi=https://doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0955 }}</ref>