Li, D.; Richter, A.; Olivos-Cisneros, L.; van de Kamp, T.; Kronauer, D. J. C.; Beutel, R. G.; Boudinot, B. E. 2025. The larval morphology of the clonal raider ant, Ooceraea biroi (Forel, 1907) (Dorylinae), with broader implications for the Formicidae and Hymenoptera. Myrmecological News 35:161-188. 10.25849/myrmecol.news_035:161 PDF
Li, S. 1997. Distinguish among five edible species of ants in China. [In Chinese.]. Entomological Knowledge [Kunchong Zhishi] 34:103-105.
Li, S.-P.; Wang, Y.-L. 2005. A new species of the ant genus Aenictus Shuckard (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Henan, China. Entomotaxonomia 27:157-160. PDF
Li, S.; Chen, Y. 1992. Two new species of the ant genus Pheidole of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [In Chinese.]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural University 18(3):55-57. PDF
Li, S.; Tang, J. 1986. The ant genus Pheidologeton of Guangxi and the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [In Chinese.]. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural University 12(2):160-165.
Li, Z. Z.; Jin, D. C. 2006. Insects from Fanjingshan Landscape. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, 700.

Notes: (in Chinese)

Liang, X.; Du, C.; Chen, Z. 2025. Taxonomy of the myrmicine ant genus Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa 5652 (1):103-110. 10.11646/zootaxa.5652.1.12 PDF
Lieberman, Z. E.; Billen, J. P. J.; van de Kamp, T.; Boudinot, B. E. 2022. The ant abdomen: The skeletomuscular and soft tissue anatomy of Amblyopone australis workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Morphology 283:693-770. 10.1002/jmor.21471 PDF

Notes: June 2022 issue. Published online 3 April 2022.

Liebherr, J. K. (ed.) 1988. Zoogeography of Caribbean insects. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ix + 285 pp.
Liebig, J.; Heinze, J.; Hölldobler, B. 1997 ("1995"). Queen size variation in the ponerine ant Ponera coarctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Cambridge) 102:1-11.
Liefke, C.; Dorow, W. H. O.; Hölldobler, B.; Maschwitz, U. 1998. Nesting and food resources of syntopic species of the ant genus Polyrhachis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in West-Malaysia. Insectes Sociaux 45:411-425. PDF
Liefke, C.; Hölldobler, B.; Maschwitz, U. 2001. Recruitment behavior in the ant genus Polyrhachis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Insect Behavior 14:637-657.
Liefke, C.; Maschwitz, U.; Hölldobler, B. 1997. Rekrutierungsstrategien als wichtige Nischendimension: Polyrhachis illaudata und Polyrhachis proxima (Formicidae), syntope Zwillingsarten aus Westmalaysia. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 11:759-762.
Lieth, H.; Werger, M. J. A. (eds.) 1989. Tropical rain forest ecosystems: biogeographical and ecological studies. Ecosystems of the world 14B. Amsterdam: Elsevier, xvii + 713 pp.
Lilienstern, M. 1932. Beiträge zur bakteriensymbiose der ameisen. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere 26:110-134. 10.1007/BF00446391 PDF
Lillico-Ouachour, A.; Metscher, B.; Kaji, T.; Abouheif, E. 2018. Internal head morphology of minor workers and soldiers in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole. Canadian Journal of Zoology 96:383-392. PDF
Lin, C.-C.; Wu, W.-J. 1996. Revision of the ant genus Strumigenys Fr. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Entomology 16:137-152. PDF
Lin, C.-C.; Wu, W.-J. 1998. The ant tribe Myrmecinini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Entomology 18:83-100. PDF
Lin, C.-C.; Wu, W.-J. 2001. Three new species of Strumigenys Fr. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with a key to Taiwanese species. Formosan Entomologist 21:159-170. PDF
Lin, C.-C.; Wu, W.-J. 2003. The ant fauna of Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with keys to subfamilies and genera. [In Chinese.]. Guoli Taiwan Bowuguan Niankan 46:5-69.
Lin, Q.-B. 1982. Insecta. In: Paleontological Atlas of East China. Part 3. Volume of Mesozoic and Caenozoic. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 148-155. PDF
Lin, X.; Song, N. 2023. The first complete mitochondrial genome of the genus Pachycondyla (Formicidae, Ponerinae) and insights into the phylogeny of ants. Genes 14 (8):1528, 14 pp. [online early] 10.3390/genes14081528 PDF
Lindström, K.; Berglind, S.-Å. 1995. Genetisk variation mellan populationer och inom bon hos gråmyran (Formica cinerea) i Mellansverige och Finland. Entomologisk Tidskrift 116:161-168.
Lindström, K.; Berglind, S.-Å.; Pamilo, P. 1996. Variation of colony types in the ant Formica cinerea. Insectes Sociaux 43:329-332.
Lingafelter, S. W.; Nearns, E. H. 2013. Elucidating Article 45.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: A dichotomous key for the determination of subspecific or infrasubspecific rank. Zootaxa 3709 (6):597–600. 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.6.9 PDF
Linksvayer, T. A.; Wade, M. J.; Gordon, D. M. 2006. Genetic caste determination in harvester ants: possible origin and maintenance by cyto-nuclear epistasis. Ecology 87:2185-2193. PDF
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: L. Salvii, 824 pp. PDF
Linnaeus, C. 1761. Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciae regni: Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes. Editio altera, auctior. Stockholmiae [=Stockholm]: L. Salvii, 48 + 578 pp. PDF
Linnaeus, C. 1763. Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Tomus 6. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: G. Kiesewetter, 486 pp.
Linnaeus, C. 1763. CXXI. Centuria insectorum quam praeside D. D. Car. von Linné proposuit Boas Johansson, Calmariensis (Upsaliae 1763. Junii 23). Pp. 384-415 in: Linnaeus, C. 1763. Amoenitates academicae; seu dissertationes variae physicae, medicae, botanicae, antehac seorsim editae, nunc collectae et auctae cum tabulis aeneis. Tomus 6. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: G. Kiesewetter, 486 pp. PDF