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Randuska, P. 1995. Formikofauna SPR Boky. Entomofauna Carpathica 7:20-26.
Rangel Ch., J. O. (ed.) 1994. Ucumarí. Un caso típico de la diversidad biótica andina. Pereira, Colombia: CARDER (Corporación Autónoma Regional de Risaralda), 451 pp.
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Ranta, E.; Vepsäläinen, K.; Ås, S.; Haila, Y.; Pisarski, B.; Tiainen, J. 1983. Island biogeography of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in four Fennoscandian archipelagoes. Acta Entomologica Fennica 42:64.
Rao, N. S.; Veeresh, G. K. 1991. Some observations on the biology and behaviour of Crazy Ant, Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon). Entomon 16:261-267.
Raphael, S. 1970. The publication dates of the Transactions of the Linnaean Society of London, Series I, 1791-1875. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2:61-76. PDF
Raqué, K.-F. 1994. Die Ameisenfauna der Sandhausener Dünen. Beihefte zu den Veröffentlichungen für Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Baden-Württemberg 80:241-254.

Notes: Not seen. Cited in Zoological Record, volume 132.

Räsänen, V. 1915. Stridulationsapparate bei Ameisen besonders bei Formicidae. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 40(8):1-19.
Rasheed, M. T.; Bodlah, I.; Fareen, A. G.; Khokhar, M. S. 2020. First record of Carebara raja (Forel, 1902) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from Pakistan. Punjab University Journal of Zoology 35:77-80. 10.17582/journal.pujz/2020.35.1.77.80 PDF
Rasheed, M. T.; Bodlah, I.; Fareen, A. G.; Wachkoo, A. A.; Huang, X.; Akbar, S. A. 2019. A Checklist of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pakistan. Sociobiology 66:426-439. 10.13102/sociobiology.v66i3.4330 PDF
Rasheed, M. T.; Bodlah, I.; Gull-e-Fareen, A.; Ali, H.; Bodlah, M. A.; Raja, M. U. 2020. Distribution and trophic associations of ant genus Monomorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) with aphids in Pothwar region of Pakistan. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences 30 (2):9 pp. PDF
Rasheed, M. T.; Bodlah, I.; Gull-e-Fareen, A.; Huang, X. 2018. First record of Leptogenys hysterica Forel, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) from Pakistan. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10 (15):13032-13036. 10.11609/jott.4036.10.15.13032-13036 PDF
Rasheed, M. T.; Bodlah, I.; Magomedovich, Y. Z.; Fareen, A. G.; Bodlah, M. A.; Prebus, M.; Wachkoo, A. A. 2020. Preliminary contributions toward a revision of the ant genus Temnothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Zoology 44:375-381. 10.3906/zoo-2003-54 PDF
Rasnitsyn, A. P. 1969. The origin and evolution of lower Hymenoptera [in Russian; original Russian title: 'Proiskhozhdenie i evolyutsiya nizshikh pereponchatokrylykh']. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta. Akademii Nauk SSSR 123:1-196. PDF
Rasnitsyn, A. P. 1975. Hymenoptera Apocrita of Mesozoic. [In Russian.]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta. Akademiya Nauk SSSR 147:1-134.

Notes: Date signed for printing ("podpisano k pechati").

Rasnitsyn, A. P. 1980. Origin and evolution of Hymenoptera. [In Russian.]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta. Akademiya Nauk SSSR 174:1-192.

Notes: Date signed for printing ("podpisano k pechati").

Rasnitsyn, A. P. 1988. An outline of evolution of the hymenopterous insects (Order Vespida). Oriental Insects 22:115-145.
Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2002. Superorder Vespidea Laicharting, 1781. Order Hymenoptera Linné, 1758 (=Vespida Laicharting, 1781). Pp. 242-254 in: Rasnitsyn, A. P.; Quicke, D. L. J. (eds.) 2002. History of insects. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 517 pp.
Rasnitsyn, A. P.; Kulicka, R. 1990. Hymenopteran insects in Baltic amber with respect to the overall history of the order. Prace Muzeum Ziemi 41:53-64.
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Rasoamanana, N.; Csősz, S.; Fisher, B. L. 2017. Taxonomic revision of imitating carpenter ants, Camponotus subgenus Myrmopytia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar, using morphometry and qualitative traits. ZooKeys 681:119-152. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.681.13187 PDF
Rasoamanana, N.; Fisher, B. L. 2022. A taxonomic revision of the Malagasy endemic subgenus Mayria of the genus Camponotus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) based on qualitative morphology and quantitative morphometric analyses. ZooKeys 1081:137-231. 10.3897/zookeys.1081.71872 PDF
Rasoarimalala, N. F.; Ramiadantsoa, T.; Rakotonirina, J. C.; Fisher, B. L. 2024. Linear morphometry of male genitalia distinguishes the ant genera Monomorium and Syllophopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar. Insects 15 (8):16 pp. [online early] 10.3390/ insects15080605 PDF
Rastogi, N.; Nair, P.; Kolatkar, M.; William, H.; Gadagkar, R. 1997. Ant fauna of the Indian Institute of Science campus - survey and some preliminary observations. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 77:133-140.
Ratchford, J. S.; Wittman, S. E.; Jules, E. S.; Ellison, A. M.; Gotelli, N. J.; Sanders, N. J. 2005. The effects of fire, local environment and time on ant assemblages in fens and forests. Diversity and Distributions 11:487-497. PDF
Ratsirarson, H.; Robertson, H. G.; Picker, M. D.; van Noort, S. 2002. Indigenous forest versus exotic eucalypt and pine plantations: a comparison of leaf-litter invertebrate communities. African Entomology 10:93-99.
Ravasini, G. 1923. Un'escursione coleotterologica sul Monte Cavallo ed al Cansiglio. Rassegna della Società Alpina delle Giulie 24:26.
Razoumowsky, G. de 1789. Histoire naturelle du Jorat et de ses environs; et celle des trois lacs de Neufchatel, Morat et Bienne. Tome premier. Lausanne: J. Mourer, xvi + 322 pp.
Réaumur, R. A. F. de 1926. The natural history of ants. From an unpublished manuscript in the archives of the Academy of Sciences of Paris by René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur. Translated and annotated by William Morton Wheeler. New York: A. Knopf, 280 pp.

Notes: The original manuscript was written between October 1742 and January 1743.

Rechinger, K. 1907. Botanische und zoologische Ergebnisse einer wissenschaftlichen Forschungreise nach den Samoa-Inseln, dem Neuguinea-Archipel und den Salomons-Inseln von März bis Dezember 1905. I. Teil. Wien: A. Hölder, 121 pp.