Samways, M. J.; Lelyveld, L. J. 1982. Disc electrophoresis comparisons of the soluble proteins and esterases in some South African ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Phytophylactica 14:7-11.

Samways, M. J.; Nel, M.; Prins, A. J. 1982. Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) foraging in citrus trees and attending honeydew-producing Homoptera. Phytophylactica 14:155-157.

Samways, M. J.; Osborn, R.; Carliel, F. 1997. Effect of a highway on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species composition and abundance, with a recommendation for roadside verge width. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:903-913.

Sanchez-Peña, S. R. 2010. Some fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from northeastern Mexico. Florida Entomologist 93:501-504. PDF

Sánchez-Peña, S. R.; Chacón-Cardosa, M. C.; Canales-del-Castillo, R.; Resendez-Pérez, D. 2017. Trachymyrmex pakawa n. sp. attributed to Sánchez-Peña, Chacón-Cardosa, Canales-Del Castillo & Reséndez-Pérez. Pp. 79-82 in: Sánchez-Peña, S. R.; Chacón-Cardosa, M. C.; Canales-del-Castillo, R.; Ward, L.; Resendez-Pérez, D. 2017. A new species of Trachymyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) fungus-growing ant from the Sierra Madre Oriental of northeastern Mexico. ZooKeys 706:73-94. PDF

Sánchez-Peña, S. R.; Chacón-Cardosa, M. C.; Canales-del-Castillo, R.; Ward, L.; Resendez-Pérez, D. 2017. A new species of Trachymyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) fungus-growing ant from the Sierra Madre Oriental of northeastern Mexico. ZooKeys 706:73-94. 10.3897/zookeys.706.12539 PDF

Sanders, C. J. 1970. The distribution of carpenter ant colonies in the spruce-fir forests of northwestern Ontario. Ecology 51:865-873.

Sanders, N. J.; Barton, K. E.; Gordon, D. M. 2001. Long-term dynamics of the distribution of the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, and native ant taxa in northern California. Oecologia (Berlin) 127:123-130.

Sanders, N. J.; Lessard, J.-P.; Fitzpatrick, M. C.; Dunn, R. R. 2007. Temperature, but not productivity or geometry, predicts elevational diversity gradients in ants across spatial grains. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16:640-649. PDF

Sanderson, M. W.; Farr, T. H. 1960. Amber with insect and plant inclusions from the Dominican Republic. Science (Washington, D. C.) 131:1313.

Sandoval-Gómez, V. E.; Sánchez-Restrepo, A. F. 2019. Género Cephalotes. Capítulo 29. Pp. 899-915 in: Fernández, F.; Guerrero, R. J.; Delsinne, T. (eds.) 2019d. Hormigas de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1198 pp. PDF

Sandoval, V. E.; Zambrano, G. 2007. Catálogo de Hormigas presentes en el Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad del Cauca. Popayán, Colombia: Taller Editorial de la Universidad del Cauca, 60 pp.

Sanetra, M.; Buschinger, A. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships among social parasites and their hosts in the ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). European Journal of Entomology 97:95-117.

Sanetra, M.; Crozier, R. H. 2000. Characterization of microsatellite loci in the primitive ant Nothomyrmecia macrops Clark. Molecular Ecology 9:2155-2234.

Sanetra, M.; Crozier, R. H. 2001. Polyandry and colony genetic structure in the primitive ant Nothomyrmecia macrops. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14:368-378.

Sanetra, M.; Crozier, R. H. 2003. Patterns of population subdivision and gene flow in the ant Nothomyrmecia macrops reflected in microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers. Molecular Ecology 12:2281-2295. PDF

Sanetra, M.; Felger, S.; Buschinger, A.; Zimmermann, F. K. 1998. On the evolutionary history of social parasites in the ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). P. 413 in: Schwarz, M. P.; Hogendoorn, K. (eds.) 1998. Social insects at the turn of the millennium. Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of IUSSI. Adelaide, Australia. 29 December 1998 - 3 January 1999. Adelaide: XIII Congress of IUSSI, 535 pp.

Sanetra, M.; Güsten, R. 2001. The socially parasitic ant genus Strongylognathus Mayr in North Africa (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 20:1-20. PDF

Sanetra, M.; Güsten, R.; Schulz, A. 1999. On the taxonomy and distribution of Italian Tetramorium species and their social parasites (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 77:317-357. PDF

Sanetra, M.; Heinze, J.; Buschinger, A. 1994. Enzyme polymorphism in the ant genus Tetramorium Mayr and its social parasites (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22:753-759.

Sankey-Alamilla, L. A.; Hernandez-Jimenez, S. A.; Lopez-Reyes, E.; Ceccarelli, F. S. 2024. New species of honeypot ant of the genus Myrmecocystus from Pacific coastal dunes of Baja California, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist 49 (1):71-87. 10.3958/059.049.0107 PDF

Santos-Colares, M. C.; Viégas, J.; Martino Roth, M. G.; Loeck, A. E. 1997. Preparation of mitotic chromosomes of leaf-cutting ants from the genera Atta and Acromyrmex. Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20:25-27.

Santos, I. S.; Mariano, C. S. F.; Delabie, J. H. C.; Costa, M. A.; Carvalho, A. F.; Silva, J. G. 2016. "Much more than a neck": karyotype differentiation between Dolichoderus attelaboides (Fabricius, 1775) and Dolichoderus decollatus F. Smith 1858 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and karyotypic diversity of five other Neotropical species of Dolichoderus Lund, 1831. Myrmecological News 23:61-69. PDF

Notes: Karyotypes and COI, LWR phylogeny of nine Neotropical species.

Santschi, F. 1906. [Untitled. Taxonomic changes attributed to F. Santschi.]. Pp. 68-68 in: Forel, A. 1906a. Moeurs des fourmis parasites des genres Wheeleria et Bothriomyrmex. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 14:51-69. PDF

Santschi, F. 1906. A propos de moeurs parasitiques temporaires des fourmis du genre Bothriomyrmex. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 75:363-392.

Santschi, F. 1907. Fourmis de Tunisie capturées en 1906. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 15:305-334. PDF

Santschi, F. 1908. Nouvelles fourmis de l'Afrique du Nord (Égypte, Canaries, Tunisie). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 77:517-534. PDF

Santschi, F. 1909a. Une nouvelle fourmi (Hym.) de Cuba. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1909:309-310. PDF

Santschi, F. 1909b. Sur la signification de la barbe des fourmis arénicoles. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 17:449-458. PDF

Santschi, F. 1909c. Leptothorax rottenbergi et espèces voisines. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 17:459-482. PDF