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Sauer, C.; Stackebrandt, E.; Gadau, J.; Hölldobler, B.; Gross, R. 2000. Systematic relationships and cospeciation of bacterial endosymbionts and their carpenter ant host species: proposal of the new taxon Candidatus Blochmannia gen. nov. International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology 50:1877-1886. PDF

Saulcy, F. de 1874. Species des paussides, clavigérides, psélaphides & scydménides de l'Europe & des pays circonvoisins. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle. Metz 13:1-132. PDF

Notes: Pheidole jordanica n. sp., page 17.

Saunders, E. 1880. Synopsis of the British Heterogyna and fossorial Hymenoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1880:201-304. PDF

Notes: Date from Wheeler, G. (1912).

Saunders, E. 1883. Notes on British ants. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 20:16-17. PDF

Saunders, E. 1886a. The male of Formicoxenus nitidulus, Nyl. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 23:42.

Saunders, E. 1886b. Ponera punctatissima, Rog., at Bromley, Kent. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 23:68.

Saunders, E. 1890. Aculeate Hymenoptera collected by J. J. Walker, Esq., R.N., F.L.S., at Gibraltar and in North Africa. (Part I - Heterogyna). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 26:201-205. PDF

Saunders, E. 1896. The Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British islands. A descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to habits, localities, habitats, etc. London: L. Reeve & Co., 391 pp. PDF

Notes: Ants pp. 18-42.

Saunders, E. 1904. XXII. Hymenoptera Aculeata from Majorca (1901) and Spain (1901-2). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 52:591-666. PDF

Saunders, E. 1905. [Untitled. Postscript to Arnold (1905).]. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 41:212.

Saunders, W. W. 1842 ("1841"). Descriptions of two hymenopterous insects from northern India. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 3:57-58. PDF

Notes: Date from Wheeler, G. (1912).

Saux, C.; Fisher, B. L.; Spicer, G. S. 2004. Dracula ant phylogeny as inferred by nuclear 28S rDNA sequences and implications for ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33:457-468. PDF

Savage, T. S. 1847. On the habits of the "Drivers" or visiting ants of West Africa. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 5:1-15.

Notes: Date from Wheeler, G. (1912).

Savage, T. S. 1849. The driver ants of western Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 4:195-200. PDF

Savchenko, E. N.; Vasiliev, V. P.; Dolin, V. G. et al. (eds.) 1987. Zoogeography and biocenotic connections of the insects of the Ukraine. [In Russian.]. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 92 pp.

Savolainen, R. 1998. Evolution of social parasitism in Formica ants. [Abstract.]. P. 417 in: Schwarz, M. P.; Hogendoorn, K. (eds.) 1998. Social insects at the turn of the millennium. Proceedings of the XIII International Congress of IUSSI. Adelaide, Australia. 29 December 1998 - 3 January 1999. Adelaide: XIII Congress of IUSSI, 535 pp.

Savolainen, R. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of Lasius, and the evolution of parasitic colony founding. [Abstract.]. P. 159 in: Billen, J. P. J. 2002. XIV International Congress of IUSSI. The Golden Jubilee Proceedings. 27 July - 3 August 2002, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Sapporo: XIV International Congress of IUSSI, 233 pp.

Savolainen, R.; Deslippe, R. J. 1996. Facultative and obligate slavery in formicine ants: frequency of slavery, and proportion and size of slaves. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57:47-58.

Savolainen, R.; Vepsäläinen, K. 2003. Sympatric speciation through intraspecific social parasitism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100:7169-7174. PDF

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Say, T. 1831. Descriptions of new species of North American insects, found in Louisiana by Joseph Barabino. New Harmony, Indiana: School Press, 19 pp. PDF

Notes: Contains the original description of Formica mellea [Camponotus melleus], pp. 14-15. See also Scudder (1899).

Say, T. 1836. Descriptions of new species of North American Hymenoptera, and observations on some already described. Boston Journal of Natural History 1:209-305. PDF

Notes: Ants pp. 286-294.

Schaefer, M. 1988. 22. Ord.: Hymenoptera, Hautflügler. Pp. 304-325 in: Brohmer, P. 1988. Fauna von Deutschland. 17. Auflage. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer, x + 586 pp.

Notes: Ants pp. 318-319.

Schaefer, M. 1992. Brohmer. Fauna von Deutschland. 18. Auflage. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer, xiii + 704 pp.

Notes: Ants pp. 390-391.

Schär, S. 2024. Ants of Kamchatka: checklist, DNA-barcoding and key (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Alpine Entomology 8:19-28. [online early] 10.3897/alpento.8.114185 PDF

Schär, S.; Menchetti, M.; Schifani, E.; Hinojosa, J. C.; Platania, L.; Dapporto, L.; Vila, R. 2020. Integrative biodiversity inventory of ants from a Sicilian archipelago reveals high diversity on young volcanic islands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 20:405-416. 10.1007/s13127-020-00442-3 PDF

Notes: Published online 6 Jun 2020.

Schär, S.; Nash, D. R. 2014. Evidence that microgynes of Myrmica rubra ants are social parasites that attack old host colonies. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 27:2396-2407. 10.1111/jeb.12482 PDF

Schär, S.; Talavera, G.; Espadaler, X.; Rana, J. D.; Andersen, A. A.; Cover, S. P.; Vila, R. 2018. Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae. Journal of Biogeography 00:1-12. 10.1111/jbi.13380 PDF

Schär, S.; Talavera, G.; Rana, J. D.; Espadaler, X.; Cover, S. P.; Shattuck, S. O.; Vila, R. 2022. Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species. Scientific Reports 12:5970:1-12. 10.1038/s41598-022-10047-9 PDF