Seppä, P. 1992. Genetic relatedness of worker nestmates in Myrmica ruginodis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) populations. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 30:253-260.

Seppä, P.; Pamilo, P. 1994. Sociogenetic organization and gene flow in red ants. P. 79 in: Lenoir, A.; Arnold, G.; Lepage, M. (eds.) 1994. Les insectes sociaux. 12ème congrès de l'Union Internationale pour l'Étude des Insectes Sociaux. Paris, Sorbonne, 21-27 août 1994. Paris: Université Paris Nord, xxiv + 583 pp.

Seppä, P.; Pamilo, P. 1995. Gene flow and population viscosity in Myrmica ants. Heredity 74:200-209.

Seppä, P. 1996. Genetic relatedness and colony structure in polygynous Myrmica ants. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 8:279-290.

Seppä, P.; Gertsch, P. 1996. Genetic relatedness in the ant Camponotus herculeanus. A comparison of estimates from allozyme and DNA microsatellite markers. Insectes Sociaux 43:235-246.

Seppä, P.; Sundström, L.; Punttila, P. 1996 ("1995"). Facultative polygyny and habitat succession in boreal ants. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 56:533-551.

Seppä, P.; Walin, L. 1996. Sociogenetic organization of the red ant Myrmica rubra. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 38:207-217.

Seppä, P.; Fernandez-Escudero; Pamilo, P. 2002. Gender biased gene flow and evolution of sociality in ants. [Abstract.]. P. 24 in: Billen, J. P. J. 2002. XIV International Congress of IUSSI. The Golden Jubilee Proceedings. 27 July - 3 August 2002, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Sapporo: XIV International Congress of IUSSI, 233 pp.

Gyllenstrand, N.; Seppä, P. 2003. Conservation genetics of the wood ant, Formica lugubris, in a fragmented landscape. Molecular Ecology 12:2931-2940. PDF

Seppä, P.; Gyllenstrand, N.; Corander, J.; Pamilo, P. 2004. Coexistence of the social types: genetic population structure in the ant Formica exsecta. Evolution 58:2462-2471. PDF

Gyllenstrand, N.; Seppä, P.; Pamilo, P. 2004. Genetic differentiation in sympatric wood ants, Formica rufa and F. polyctena. Insectes Sociaux 51:139-145. PDF

Gyllenstrand, N.; Seppä, P.; Pamilo, P. 2005. Restricted gene flow between two social forms in the ant Formica truncorum. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18:978-984. PDF

Pamilo, P.; Zhu, D.; Fortelius, W.; Rosengren, R.; Seppä, P.; Sundström, L. 2005. Genetic patchwork of network-building wood ant populations. Annales Zoologici Fennici 42:179-187. PDF

Sundström, L.; Seppä, P.; Pamilo, P. 2005. Genetic population structure and dispersal patterns in Formica ants — a review. Annales Zoologici Fennici 42:163-177. PDF

Seppä, P.; Fernández-Escudero, I.; Gyllenstrand, N.; Pamilo, P. 2006. Obligatory female philopatry affects genetic population structure in the ant Proformica longiseta. Insectes Sociaux 53:362-368. PDF

Seppä, P.; Helanterä, H.; Chernenko, A.; Trontti, K.; Punttila, P.; Sundström, L. 2009. Population genetics of the black ant Formica lemani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 97:247-258. PDF

Seppä, P.; Helanterä, H.; Trontti, K.; Punttila, P.; Chernenko, A.; Martin, S. J.; Sundström, L. 2011. The many ways to delimit species: hairs, genes and surface chemistry. Myrmecological News 15:31-41. PDF

Hakala, S. M.; Seppä, P.; Heikkilä, M.; Punttila, P.; Sorvari, J.; Helanterä, H. 2018. Genetic analysis reveals Finnish Formica fennica populations do not form a separate genetic entity from F. exsecta. PeerJ 6:23 pp. e6013. I 10.7717/peerj.6013 PDF