Keller, R. A. 2000. Cladistics of the tribe Ectatommini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a reappraisal. Insect Systematics and Evolution 31:59-69.
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Dlussky, G. M.; Brothers, D. J.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2004. The first Late Cretaceous ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from southern Africa, with comments on the origin of the Myrmicinae. Insect Systematics and Evolution 35:1-13.
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LaPolla, J. S.; Schultz, T. R.; Kjer, K. M.; Bischoff, J. F. 2006. Phylogenetic position of the ant genus Acropyga Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and the evolution of trophophoresy. Insect Systematics and Evolution 37:197-212.
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