Palma, R. L.; Lovis, P. M.; Tother, C. 1989. An annotated list of primary types of the phyla Arthropoda (except Crustacea) and Tardigrada held in the National Museum of New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series 20:1-49.

Notes: Formicidae p. 38.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Cano, M. A.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1988. Karyotypes, C-banding, and chromosomal location of active nucleolar organizing regions in Tapinoma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Genome 30:277-280.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Cano, M. A.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1990. Development of silver stained structures during spermatogenesis in different genera of Formicidae. Genetica 81:51-58.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Cano, M. A.; Díaz de la Guardia, R.; Tinaut, A. 1989 ("1988"). Cytogenetic studies in the genera Pheidole and Tetramorium (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Mirmicinae). Caryologia 41:289-298.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1990. Karyotype, C-banding, chromosomal location of active nucleolar organizing regions, and B-chromosomes in Lasius niger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Genome 33:267-272.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1993a. Karyotype evolution and chromosomal relationship between several species of the genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Caryologia 46:25-40.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1993b. Supernumerary chromosome segments in different genera of Formicidae. Genetica 90:17-29.

Pamilo, P. 1982. Multiple mating in Formica ants. Hereditas (Lund) 97:37-45.

Pamilo, P. 1983. Genetic differentiation within subdivided populations of Formica ants. Evolution 37:1010-1022.

Pamilo, P. 1987. Population genetics of the Formica rufa group. Pp. 68-70 in: Eder, J.; Rembold, H. (eds.) 1987. Chemistry and biology of social insects. München: Verlag J. Peperny, xxxv + 757 pp.

Pamilo, P. 1990. Sex allocation and queen-worker conflict in polygynous ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 27:31-36.

Pamilo, P.; Chautems, D.; Cherix, D. 1992. Genetic differentiation of disjunct populations of the ants Formica aquilonia and Formica lugubris in Europe. Insectes Sociaux 39:15-29.

Pamilo, P.; Rosengren, R. 1983. Sex ratio strategies in Formica ants. Oikos 40:24-35.

Pamilo, P.; Rosengren, R. 1984. Evolution of nesting strategies of ants: Genetic evidence from different population types of Formica ants. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 21:331-348.

Pamilo, P.; Rosengren, R.; Vepsäläinen, K.; Varvio-Aho, S.-L.; Pisarski, B. 1978. Population genetics of Formica ants. I. Patterns of enzyme gene variation. Hereditas (Lund) 89:233-248.

Pamilo, P.; Sundström, L.; Fortelius, W.; Rosengren, R. 1994. Diploid males and colony-level selection in Formica ants. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 6:221-235.

Pamilo, P.; Vepsäläinen, K. 1977. Heretical notes on the taxonomy of Formica s. str. (Hym.). Pp. 128-129 in: Velthuis, H. H. W.; Wiebes, J. T. (eds.) 1977. Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of the IUSSI, Wageningen, The Netherlands, September 5-10, 1977. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, 325 pp.

Pamilo, P.; Vepsäläinen, K.; Rosengren, R. 1975. Low allozymic variability in Formica ants. Hereditas (Lund) 80:293-296.

Pamilo, P.; Vepsäläinen, K.; Rosengren, R. 1979. Population genetics of Formica ants II. Genic differentiation between species. Annales Entomologici Fennici 45:65-76.

Pamilo, P.; Zhu, D.; Fortelius, W.; Rosengren, R.; Seppä, P.; Sundström, L. 2005. Genetic patchwork of network-building wood ant populations. Annales Zoologici Fennici 42:179-187. PDF

Pang, G.-F.; Qin, F.; Zhou, S.-Y.; Qin, X.-M. 2009. Molecular phylogenetic research on some species of Camponotus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Guangxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition) 27:62-66.

Panzer, G. W. F. 1798. Fauna insectorum germanicae initia, oder Deutschlands Insecten. Heft 54. Nürnberg: Felssecker, 24 pp., 24 pls. PDF

Notes: Publication date from Sherborn (1923:566).

Panzer, G. W. F. 1801. Nachricht von einem neuen entomolischen [sic] Werke, des Hrn. Prof. Jurine in Geneve. Intelligenzblatt der Litteratur-Zeitung Erlangen 1:161-165. PDF

Paramonov, S. Y. 1941. V. O. Karavaiev. Zbirnyk Prats' Zoolohichnoho Muzeyu 24:3-8.

Parapura, E. 1972. An ergatandromorph Formica exsecta Nyl. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Poland. Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences. Série des Sciences Biologiques 20:763-767. PDF

Parapura, E.; Pisarski, B. 1971. Mrówki (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Bieszczadów. Fragmenta Faunistica (Warsaw) 17:319-356. PDF

Paraschivescu, D. 1960. Untersuchungen über die individuellen Standortsformen der Art Messor structor Latr. (Hym. Formicidae). Revue Biologie. Académie de la République Populaire Roumaine 5:227-231. PDF

Paraschivescu, D. 1961. Contributii la cunoasterea formicidelor din stepa si podisul Dobrogei. Studii si Cercetari de Biologie. Seria Biologie Animala 13:457-465.

Paraschivescu, D. 1963. Cercetari zoogeografice asupra formicidelor din bazinul Trotusului. Comunicarile Academiei Republicii Populare Române 13:559-566. PDF

Paraschivescu, D. 1967. Cercetari asupra faunei de Formicide din regiunea Portile de Fier. Studii si Cercetari de Biologie. Seria Zoologie 19:393-403. PDF