Shoemaker, D. D.; Ross, K. G.; Arnold, M. L. 1994b. Development of RAPD markers in two introduced fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and S. richteri, and their application to the study of a hybrid zone. Molecular Ecology 3:531-539.

Shoemaker, D. D.; Ross, K. G.; Arnold, M. L. 1996. Genetic structure and evolution of a fire ant hybrid zone. Evolution 50:1958-1976.

Shōgakkan 1974. Encyclopedia Genre Japonica. Volume 20. Animals. Tokyo: Shogakukan, 682 pp.

Short, J. R. T. 1959. On the skeleto-muscular mechanisms of the anterior abdominal segments of certain adult Hymenoptera. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111:175-203. PDF

Shuckard, W. E. 1838. Description of a new species of Myrmica which has been found in houses both in the Metropolis and Provinces. Magazine of Natural History (2)2:626-627. PDF

Shuckard, W. E. 1840a. Monograph of the Dorylidae, a family of the Hymenoptera Heterogyna. Annals of Natural History 5:188-201. PDF

Shuckard, W. E. 1840b. Monograph of the Dorylidae, a family of the Hymenoptera Heterogyna. (Continued from p. 201.). Annals of Natural History 5:258-271. PDF

Shuckard, W. E. 1840c. Monograph of the Dorylidae, a family of the Hymenoptera Heterogyna. (Concluded from p. 271.). Annals of Natural History 5:315-328. PDF

Shuckard, W. E. 1840d. Appendix to Mr. Shuckard's monograph of the Dorylidae, containing a description of two new species of Labidus. Annals of Natural History 5:396-398. PDF

Shuckard, W. E. 1840e. [Untitled. Taxonomic changes in Eciton, Formica, Lasius, Myrmecia and Polyrhachis attributed to Shuckard.]. Pp. 172-174 in: Swainson, W.; Shuckard, W. E. 1840. On the history and natural arrangement of insects. London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longman's, 406 pp. PDF

Shuckard, W. E. 1841. Differences of neuters in ants. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7:525-526.

Shyamalanath, S. 1978. Anatomy and histology of some systems in the adult and pupa of the male of the Old World doryline ant Aenictus gracilis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [Abstract.]. Dissertation Abstracts International. B. Sciences and Engineering 39:1618.

Shyamalanath, S.; Forbes, J. 1980. Digestive system and associated organs in the adult and pupal male doryline ant Aenictus gracilis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 88:15-28.

Shyamalanath, S.; Forbes, J. 1984 ("1983"). Anatomy and histology of the male reproductive system in the adult and pupa of the doryline ant, Aenictus gracilis Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 91:377-393.

Siddiqui, M. A.; Mashaly, A. M. A.; Ahmed, A. M.; Al-Mekhlafi, F. A.; Al-Khalifa, M. S. 2010. Ultrastructure of antennal sensillae of the samsum ant, Pachycondyla sennaarensis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). African Journal of Biotechnology 9:6956-6962. PDF

Siegenthaler, W. F. 1991. Der Bewegungsapparat von Cataglyphis bicolor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zürich: Zoologischen Institut der Universität Zürich, i-iv + 1-121. PDF

Signoret, V. 1847. Description de deux hémiptères-homoptères, tribu des octicelles, group des cicadides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (2)5:293-296.

Silhavy, V. 1935. Mravenci z okolí Trebíce, záp. Slovenska a Kutné Hory. Veda Prírodní 16:96-97. PDF

Silhavy, V. 1936. Slození mravencí zvíreny hadcové stepi u Mohelna. (Predbezne sdeleni.). Príroda (Brno) 29:95-97.

Silhavy, V. 1937a. Muzeme pokládati mravence Lasius flavus var. flavo-myops za samostatnou systematickou jednotku? Casopis Ceskoslovenské Spolecnosti Entomologické 34:59-61. PDF

Šilhavý, V. 1937b. Strongylognathus kratochvili n. sp., novy preaglacialni mravenec z Moravy. Sborník Prírodovedeckého Klubu v Trebíci 1:5-12. PDF

Silhavy, V. 1938. Mravenci hadcové stepi u Mohelna. Sborník Prírodovedeckého Klubu v Trebíci 2:3-24. PDF

Silhavy, V. 1939a. Die Ameisenfauna des Bezirkes von Trebíc. Entomologische Rundschau 56:367-370. PDF

Silhavy, V. 1939b. Poznámky k mravencí zvírene dolního toku Oslavy. Entomologické Listy 2:38-39. PDF

Silva-Melo, A. da; Gianotti, E. 2010. Nest architecture of Pachycondyla striata Fr. Smith, 1858 (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Insectes Sociaux 57:17-22. PDF

Silva, R. R. 1999b. Primeiro registro de Stegomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) para o Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2):119-121. PDF

Silva, R. R. da 1999a. Formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) do oeste de Santa Catarina: histórico das coletas e lista atualizada das espécies do Estado de Santa Catarina. Biotemas 12(2):75-100. PDF

Silva, R. R. da; Lopes, B. C. 1998 ("1997"). Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Atlantic rainforest at Santa Catarina Island, Brazil: two years of sampling. Revista de Biología Tropical 45:1641-1648.

Silva, R. R. da; Silvestre, R. 2004. Riqueza da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) que habita as camadas superficiais do solo em Seara, Santa Catarina. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 44:1-11. PDF

Silva, R. R.; Brandão, C. R. F. 2010. Morphological patterns and community organization in leaf-litter ant assemblages. Ecological Monographs 80:107-124. PDF