Ward, P. S. 2014. The phylogeny and evolution of ants. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 45:23-43. PDF

Ward, P. S. 2017. A review of the Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus and Pseudomyrmex goeldii species groups: acacia-ants and relatives (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 4227 (4):524-542. 10.11646/zootaxa.4227.4.3 PDF

Ward, P. S. 2019. Subfamilia Pseudomyrmecinae. Capítulo 33. Pp. 1089-1113 in: Fernández, F.; Guerrero, R. J.; Delsinne, T. (eds.) 2019d. Hormigas de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1198 pp. PDF

Ward, P. S. 2022. The ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Afrotropical region: taxonomic review and key to species. Zootaxa 5102 (1):1-70. 10.11646/zootaxa.5102.1.1 PDF

Ward, P. S.; Blaimer, B. B. 2022. Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194:893-937. PDF

Ward, P. S.; Blaimer, B. B.; Fisher, B. L. 2016. A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinomyrmex. Zootaxa 4072:343-357. PDF

Ward, P. S.; Bolton, B.; Shattuck, S. O.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1996. A bibliography of ant systematics. University of California Publications in Entomology 116:1-417.

Ward, P. S.; Boudinot, B. E. 2021. Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 79:37-56. 10.3897/asp.79.e66978 PDF

Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G. 2002. Phylogeny and biogeography of the ant genera Myrmecia and Nothomyrmecia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and related fossil taxa. [Abstract.]. P. 156 in: Billen, J. P. J. 2002. XIV International Congress of IUSSI. The Golden Jubilee Proceedings. 27 July - 3 August 2002, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Sapporo: XIV International Congress of IUSSI, 233 pp.

Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G. 2003. Phylogeny and biogeography of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Invertebrate Systematics 17:361-386. PDF

Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G. 2009. Rediscovery of the ant genus Amyrmex Kusnezov (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its transfer from Dolichoderinae to Leptanilloidinae. Zootaxa 2063:46-54. PDF

Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G.; Fisher, B. L.; Schultz, T. R. 2005. Assembling the ant "Tree of Life" (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecologische Nachrichten 7:87-90. PDF

Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G.; Fisher, B. L.; Schultz, T. R. 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of dolichoderine ants: effects of data partitioning and relict taxa on historical inference. Systematic Biology 59:342-362. PDF

Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G.; Fisher, B. L.; Schultz, T. R. 2015. The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 40:61-81. 10.1111/syen.12090 PDF

Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G.; Fisher, B. L.; Schultz, T. R. 2016. Phylogenetic classifications are informative, stable, and pragmatic: the case for monophyletic taxa. Insectes Sociaux 63:489-492. 10.1007/s00040-016-0516-9 PDF

Ward, P. S.; Branstetter, M. G. 2017. The acacia ants revisited: convergent evolution and biogeographic context in an iconic ant/plant mutualism. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B 284:1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2569 PDF

Notes: Phylogeny of Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus group

Ward, P. S.; Branstetter, M. G. 2022. Species paraphyly and social parasitism: phylogenomics, morphology, and geography clarify the evolution of the Pseudomyrmex elongatulus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a Mesoamerican ant clade. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 (1): 4:1-31. 10.1093/isd/iaxb025 PDF

Ward, P. S.; Downie, D. A. 2005. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): phylogeny and evolution of big-eyed arboreal ants. Systematic Entomology 30:310-335. PDF

Ward, P. S.; Fisher, B. L. 2016. Tales of dracula ants: the evolutionary history of the ant subfamily Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 41:683-693. 10.1111/syen.12186 PDF

Ward, P. S.; Sumnicht, T. P. 2012. Molecular and morphological evidence for three sympatric species of Leptanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the Greek island of Rhodes. Myrmecological News 17:5-11. PDF

Ward, P. S.; Taylor, R. W. 1981. Allozyme variation, colony structure and genetic relatedness in the primitive ant Nothomyrmecia macrops Clark (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 20:177-183. PDF

Wardlaw, J. C.; Elmes, G. W. 1996. Exceptional colony size in Myrmica species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologist 115:191-196.

Ware, A. B. 1994. Factors eliciting stridulation by the ponerine ant Streblognathus aethiopicus Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Aggressive Behavior 2:31-36.

Warming, E. 1894 ("1893"). Om et par af Myrer beboede Traeer. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjobenhavn (5)5:173-187. PDF

Warren, L. O.; Rouse, E. P. 1969. The ants of Arkansas. University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin 742:1-68.

Warriner, M. D. 2011. Status of the harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex spp.; Hymenoptera: Formicidae) fauna of Arkansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 84:160-162. PDF

Wasmann, E. 1884. Monomorium Pharaonis in Aachen. Natur und Offenbarung 30:572-573.

Wasmann, E. 1888a. Diebsameisen und Gastameisen. Natur und Offenbarung 34:321-331.

Wasmann, E. 1888b. Diebsameisen und Gastameisen. Schluss. Natur und Offenbarung 34:321-331.

Wasmann, E. 1889a. Die sklavenhaltenden Ameisen. Natur und Offenbarung 35:1-11.