Baroni Urbani, C. 1989. Phylogeny and behavioural evolution in ants, with a discussion of the role of behaviour in evolutionary processes. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 1:137-168. PDF

Topoff, H. 1990. The evolution of slave-making behavior in the parasitic ant genus Polyergus. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 2:284-287.

Keller, L. 1991. Queen number, mode of colony founding, and queen reproductive success in ants (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Ethology Ecology and Evolution 3:307-316.

Davies, S. J.; Villet, M. H.; Blomefield, T. M.; Crewe, R. M. 1994. Reproduction and division of labour in Leptogenys schwabi Forel (Hymenoptera Formicidae), a polygynous, queenless ponerine ant. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 6:507-517.

Pamilo, P.; Sundström, L.; Fortelius, W.; Rosengren, R. 1994. Diploid males and colony-level selection in Formica ants. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 6:221-235.

Paiva, R. V. S.; Brandão, C. R. F. 1995. Nests, worker population, and reproductive status of workers, in the giant queenless ponerine ant Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Ethology Ecology and Evolution 7:297-312.

Seppä, P. 1996. Genetic relatedness and colony structure in polygynous Myrmica ants. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 8:279-290.

Ito, F. 1997. Colony composition and morphological caste differentiation between ergatoid queens and workers in the ponerine ant genus Leptogenys in the Oriental tropics. Ethology Ecology and Evolution 9:335-343.