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Williams, J. L.; Zhang, Y. M.; Lloyd, M. W.; LaPolla, J. S.; Schultz, T. R.; Lucky, A. 2020. Global domination by crazy ants: phylogenomics reveals biogeographical history and invasive species relationships in the genus Nylanderia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 45:730-744. 10.1111/syen.12423 PDF

Bharti, H.; Dhiman, N.; Bharti, M.; Wachkoo, A. A. 2013. SEM studies on immature stages of Aphaenogaster beesoni Donisthorpe, 1933 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Halteres 4:68-78. PDF

Guo, Y.; Shih, C.; Zhou, D.; Ren, D.; Zhao, Y.; Gao, T. 2021. The first worker-queen association for Cretaceous Formicidae: the winged caste of Haidomyrmex cerberus. ZooKeys 1048:69-78. 10.3897/zookeys.1048.66920 PDF

Hosoishi, S.; Yamane, S.; Sokh, H. 2021. A third species of the rare ant genus Rotastruma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Cambodia, with illustrated generic diagnoses and key to species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (2):225-233. 10.3897/dez.68.63478 PDF

Klunk, C. L.; Argenta, M. A.; Casadei-Ferreira, A.; Economo, E. P.; Pie, M. R. 2021. Mandibular morphology, task specialization and bite mechanics in Pheidole ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Royal Society Interface 18 (179):24 pp. 20210318. 10.1098/rsif.2021.0318 PDF

Notes: Mandible functional morphology

van Elst, T.; Eriksson, T. H.; Gadau, J.; Johnson, R. A.; Rabeling, C.; Taylor, J. E.; Borowiec, M. L. 2021. Comprehensive phylogeny of Myrmecocystus honey ants highlights cryptic diversity and infers evolution during aridification of the American Southwest. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 155:12 pp. 107036. [online early] 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107036 PDF

Notes: Phylogeny, divergence dating, ancestral state reconstruction

Borowiec, M. L. 2019. Convergent evolution of the army ant syndrome and congruence in big-data phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 68 (4):642-656. 10.1093/sysbio/syy088 PDF

Notes: Dorylinae phylogenomics

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Notes: Phylogeny, biogeography

Prebus, M. M. 2021b. Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax. PeerJ 9:462 pp. e11514. 10.7717/peerj.11514 PDF

Salata, S.; Karaman, C.; Kiran, K.; Borowiec, L. 2021. Review of the Aphaenogaster splendida species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 71:297-343. 10.3161/00034541ANZ2021.71.2.008 PDF

Cardenas, C. R.; Schultz, T. R.; Adams, R. M. M. 2021. [Untitled. Mycetomoellerius mikromelanos sp. nov. attributed to C.R. Cardenas, T.R. Schultz and R.M.M. Adams.]. Pp. 13-22 in: Cardenas, C. R.; Luo, A. R.; Jones, T. H.; Schultz, T. R.; Adams, R. M. M. 2021. Using an integrative taxonomic approach to delimit a sibling species, Mycetomoellerius mikromelanos sp. nov. (Formicidae: Attini: Attina). PeerJ 9:39 pp. e11622. PDF

Wachkoo, A. A.; Bharti, H.; Akbar, S. A. 2021. Taxonomic review of the ant genus Lepisiota Santschi, 1926 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) from India. Bonn Zoological Bulletin 70 (2):227-245. 10.20363/BZB-2021.70.2.227 PDF

Cardenas, C. R.; Luo, A. R.; Jones, T. H.; Schultz, T. R.; Adams, R. M. M. 2021. Using an integrative taxonomic approach to delimit a sibling species, Mycetomoellerius mikromelanos sp. nov. (Formicidae: Attini: Attina). PeerJ 9:39 pp. e11622. 10.7717/peerj.11622 PDF

Aswaj, P.; Anoop, K.; Priyadarsanan, D. R. 2021. Description of two new species of ants of the genus Myrmecina Curtis, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from the Eastern Himalayas. Zootaxa 4990:160-171. 10.11646/zootaxa.4990.1.10 PDF

Akbar, S. A.; Bharti, H.; Kanturski, M.; Wachkoo, A. A. 2021. First record of the myrmicine ant genus Syllophopsis Santschi, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from India with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4985 (3):403-413. 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4985.3.7 PDF

Wang, C.; Lin, C.-C.; Billen, J. 2021. Morphology of the novel ventral scape gland in the ant genus Strumigenys. Arthropod Structure & Development 63:7 pp. 101063. [online early] 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101063 PDF

General, D. E. M.; Buenavente, P. A. C.; Peeters, C. 2020. The twists and turns of biological research: first record of an ergatoid queen in the ant genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839, and implications for dispersal and life history. Asian Myrmecology 13:10 pp. e013002. [online early] 10.20362/am.013002 PDF

Satria, R.; Jannatan, R. 2021. Dealate queens of the ant genus Eurhopalothrix Brown et Kempf, 1961 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from Sumatra. Far Eastern Entomologist 430:11-16. 10.25221/fee.430.3 PDF

Notes: Mark queen descriptions

Booher, D. B.; Hoenle, P. O. 2021. A new species group of Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Ecuador, with a description of its mandible morphology. ZooKeys 1036:1-19. 10.3897/zookeys.1036.62034 PDF

Seifert, B. 2021. Surviving the winter: Tetramorium sibiricum n. sp., a new Central Siberian ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Osmia 9:15-24. 10.47446/OSMIA9.3 PDF

Radchenko, A. G.; Perkovsky, E. E. 2021. [Formica ribbeckei sp. nov. attributed to Radchenko & Perkovsky]. Pp. 240-244 in: Radchenko, A. G.; Perkovsky, E. E.; Vasilenko, D. V. 2021. Formica species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae) in late Eocene Rovno amber. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82:237-251. 10.3897/jhr.82.64599 PDF

Radchenko, A. G.; Perkovsky, E. E.; Vasilenko, D. V. 2021. Formica species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae) in late Eocene Rovno amber. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 82:237-251. 10.3897/jhr.82.64599 PDF

Seifert, B. 2021. A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the Formica rufa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) – the famous mound-building red wood ants. Myrmecological News 31:133-179. 10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:133 PDF

Nsengimana, V.; Vanderheyden, A.; Gombeer, S.; Smitz, N.; Meganck, K.; De Meyer, M.; Backeljau, T.; Fisher, B. L.; Dekoninck, W. 2021. First record of the ant Pheidole megatron Fischer and Fisher, 2013 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Rwanda. African Zoology 1:1-5. [online early] 10.1080/15627020.2021.1901605 PDF

Escárraga, M. E.; Lattke, J. E.; Pie, M. R.; Guerrero, R. J. 2021. Morphological and genetic evidence supports the separation of two Tapinoma ants (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) from the Atlantic Forest biome. ZooKeys 1033:35-62. 10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880 PDF

Ward, P. S.; Boudinot, B. E. 2021. Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 79:37-56. 10.3897/asp.79.e66978 PDF

Satria, R.; Herwina, H. 2020. New distribution records of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to the fauna of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Advances in Biological Sciences Research 10:82-84. PDF

Wang, W. Y.; Jaitrong, W. 2021. [Untitled. New species in Rhopalomastix attributed to Wang, W.Y. & Jaitrong, W.]. Pp. 123-155 in: Wang, W. Y.; Yong, G. W. J.; Jaitrong, W. 2021. Revision of the elusive ant genus Rhopalomastix (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Thailand based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 739:117-157. PDF

Wang, W. Y.; Yong, G. W. J.; Jaitrong, W. 2021. Revision of the elusive ant genus Rhopalomastix (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Thailand based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 739:117-157. 10.5852/ejt.2021.739.1271 PDF