Pamilo, P.; Chautems, D.; Cherix, D. 1992. Genetic differentiation of disjunct populations of the ants Formica aquilonia and Formica lugubris in Europe. Insectes Sociaux 39:15-29.

Pamilo, P.; Rosengren, R. 1983. Sex ratio strategies in Formica ants. Oikos 40:24-35.

Pamilo, P.; Rosengren, R. 1984. Evolution of nesting strategies of ants: Genetic evidence from different population types of Formica ants. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 21:331-348.

Pamilo, P. 1982. Multiple mating in Formica ants. Hereditas (Lund) 97:37-45.

Pamilo, P. 1983. Genetic differentiation within subdivided populations of Formica ants. Evolution 37:1010-1022.

Pamilo, P. 1987. Population genetics of the Formica rufa group. Pp. 68-70 in: Eder, J.; Rembold, H. (eds.) 1987. Chemistry and biology of social insects. München: Verlag J. Peperny, xxxv + 757 pp.

Pamilo, P. 1990. Sex allocation and queen-worker conflict in polygynous ants. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 27:31-36.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1993a. Karyotype evolution and chromosomal relationship between several species of the genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Caryologia 46:25-40.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1993b. Supernumerary chromosome segments in different genera of Formicidae. Genetica 90:17-29.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1990. Karyotype, C-banding, chromosomal location of active nucleolar organizing regions, and B-chromosomes in Lasius niger (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Genome 33:267-272.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Cano, M. A.; Díaz de la Guardia, R.; Tinaut, A. 1989 ("1988"). Cytogenetic studies in the genera Pheidole and Tetramorium (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Mirmicinae). Caryologia 41:289-298.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Cano, M. A.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1990. Development of silver stained structures during spermatogenesis in different genera of Formicidae. Genetica 81:51-58.

Palomeque, T.; Chica, E.; Cano, M. A.; Díaz de la Guardia, R. 1988. Karyotypes, C-banding, and chromosomal location of active nucleolar organizing regions in Tapinoma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Genome 30:277-280.

Palenitschko, Z. G. 1927. Zur vergleichenden Variabilität der Arten und Kasten bei den Ameisen. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere 9:410-438.

Palma, R. L.; Lovis, P. M.; Tother, C. 1989. An annotated list of primary types of the phyla Arthropoda (except Crustacea) and Tardigrada held in the National Museum of New Zealand. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series 20:1-49.

Notes: Formicidae p. 38.

Paiva, M. R.; Way, M. J.; Cammell, M. 1995. Habitat related diversity of ant communities in Portugal. [Abstract.]. P. 87 in: Demeter, A.; Peregovits, L. (eds.) 1995. Ecological processes: current status and perspectives. Abstracts. 7th European Ecological Congress. Budapest: Hungarian Biological Society, 294 pp.

Paiva, R. V. S.; Brandão, C. R. F. 1995. Nests, worker population, and reproductive status of workers, in the giant queenless ponerine ant Dinoponera Roger (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Ethology Ecology and Evolution 7:297-312.

Palacio, E. E.; Fernández, F. 1995. Hormigas de Colombia V: nuevos registros. Tacaya 4:6-7.

Paik, W. H. 1983. Key to the Korean insects. 1. Key to genera of Formicidae (Hymenoptera). [In Korean.]. Seoul National University College of Agriculture Bulletin 8:69-74.

Paik, W. H. 1984. A check list of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Korea. [In Korean.]. Korean Journal of Plant Protection 23:193-195.

Paiva, M. R.; Way, M. J.; Cammel, M. 1990. Estudo preliminar sobre a distribuição das formigas nos sistemas florestais em Portugal. Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia (4)17:197-205.

Ovazza, M. 1950. Contribution à la connaissance des fourmis des Pyrénées-Orientales. Récoltes de J. Hamon. Vie Milieu 1:93-94.

Pace, R. 1975. Due interessanti reperti mirmecologici per i Monti Lessini e per i Monti Berici (Hymenoptera Formicidae). (XVI Contributo alla conoscenza della fauna endogea.). Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 107:166-170.

Padilla, R. C.; Miyazawa, E. E. 1972. Distribución geográfica de las especies de hormigas arrieras existentes en la República Mexicana. Fitofilo 67:35-36.

Pagliano, G.; Scaramozzino, P. 1990 ("1989"). Elenco dei generi di Hymenoptera del mundo. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 68:1-210.

Otto, D. 1959. Statische Untersuchungen zur Systematik der Roten Waldameise (engere Formica rufa L.-Gruppe). Naturwissenschaften 46:458-459.

Otto, D. 1961. Zur Systematik der Waldameisenformen. Neue Methoden zur sicheren Arten- und Rassenbestimmung als Grundlage für den praktischen Einsatz der Waldameisen im Forstschutz. Archiv für Forstwesen 10:531-535.

Otto, D. 1966. Kurze Übersicht über die nomenklatorischen Änderungen im Subgenus Formica und Angaben zur Unterscheidung der Geschlechtstiere. Entomologische Nachrichten. Dresden 10:121-125.

Otto, D. 1968. Zur Verbreitung der Arten der Formica rufa Linnaeus-Gruppe. I. Häufigkeit, geographische Verteilung und Vorzugsstandorte der Roten Waldameisen im Gebiet der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Beiträge zur Entomologie 18:671-692. PDF

Otto, D.; Paraschivescu, D. 1968. Zur Verbreitung der Arten der Formica rufa Linnaeus-Gruppe. II. Die hügelbauenden Formica-Arten in der Sozialistischen Republik Rumänien (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Beiträge zur Entomologie 18:693-698. PDF