This history item belongs to Formica pharaonis Linnaeus, 1758

Its current taxon owner(s) is Monomorium pharaonis

Senior synonym of Monomorium minutum: Emery, 1892c: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 68; Forel, 1895b: 124; Wheeler, 1908a: 127; Donisthorpe, 1915f: 96; Wheeler, 1919d: 271; Emery, 1922c: 174; Wheeler, 1922: 866; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 103; Karavaiev, 1934: 118; Bolton, 1987: 288, 356; Bolton, 1995b: 265; Zhou, 2001a: 113; Heterick, 2006: 100; Radchenko, 2016: 186; Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 262. 

Senior synonym of {prott 166386}: {ref 124557}: 165; {ref 124002}: 68; {ref 125065}: 124; {ref 130024}: 127; {ref 124216}: 96; {ref 130134}: 271; {ref 124756}: 174; {ref 133015}: 866; {ref 124250}: 103; {ref 126234}: 118; {ref 122832}: 288, 356; {ref 122860}: 265; {ref 132709}: 113; {ref 131476}: 100; {ref 143043}: 186; {ref 144454}: 262.
  • Item type: taxt
  • Created at: 2020-07-26
  • Updated at: 2025-02-18
Related records
Taxa belonging to this history item's protonym
Formica pharaonis Species Obsolete combination
an obsolete combination of Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Monomorium pharaonis Species Valid
Other history items belonging to Formica pharaonis
#259836 Mayr, 1865: 90 (m.); André, 1883a: 338 (q.); Forel, 1891c: 164 (w.q.m.); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1955c: 121 (l.); Petralia & Vinson, 1980: 383 (l.); Imai, 1966b: 119 (k.); Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 264 (q.)
#259837 Combination in Monomorium: Mayr, 1862: 752.
#293600 Status as species: Linnaeus, 1764: 418; Linnaeus, 1767: 963; Gmelin, 1790: 2799; Christ, 1791: 514; Olivier, 1792: 503; Latreille, 1802a: 290; Mayr, 1862: 752; Roger, 1862c: 294; Roger, 1863b: 32, 49; Mayr, 1863a: 429; Mayr, 1865: 90; Mayr, 1867a: 95 (redescription); Mayr, 1867d: 441; Mayr, 1872: 152; Dours, 1873: 169; André, 1874c: 200 (in key); Mayr, 1876: 100 (in key); Emery, 1877: 368; Emery & Forel, 1879: 467; Saunders, 1880: 222; André, 1881c: 64; Emery, 1881b: 532 (in key); André, 1883a: 333 (in key); André, 1884f: 539; Emery, 1884: 381; Mayr, 1886d: 455; Provancher, 1887: 249; Cresson, 1887: 262; Nasonov, 1889: 29; Emery, 1890c: 48; Forel, 1891c: 163 (redescription); Lameere, 1892: 67; Mayr, 1893b: 201; Dalla Torre, 1893: 68; Emery, 1893g: 191; Emery, 1894l: 54; Mayr, 1895: 133; Forel, 1895b: 124; Emery, 1895d: 275; Emery, 1895g: 337; Emery, 1895m: 465; Ruzsky, 1896: 73; Saunders, 1896: 41; Mayr, 1896: 238; Mayr, 1897: 427; Forel, 1899b: 78; Forel, 1899j: 273; Emery, 1899e: 280; Emery, 1900: 680; Forel, 1900h: 284; Forel, 1901c: 12; Forel, 1901m: 81; Dahl, 1901: 19; Emery, 1901i: 567; Ruzsky, 1902d: 25; Forel, 1903a: 687; Rothney, 1903: 97; Bingham, 1903: 202; Ruzsky, 1905b: 638; Forel, 1905f: 20; Wheeler, 1905c: 123; Wheeler, 1905j: 376; Viehmeyer, 1906: 68; Emery, 1906c: 120; Wasmann, 1906: 117; Wheeler, 1906g: 2; Wheeler, 1906j: 349; Mayr, 1907b: 12; Forel, 1907g: 91; Forel, 1907h: 4, 17; Forel, 1908c: 45; Forel, 1908a: 65; Wheeler, 1908a: 127; Wheeler, 1908h: 422; Emery, 1908j: 684; Forel, 1909i: 225; Wheeler, 1909d: 339; Stitz, 1910: 145; Bondroit, 1910: 497; Wheeler, 1910a: 562; Stitz, 1911a: 367; Forel, 1911b: 198; Forel, 1911f: 337; Forel, 1912h: 3; Forel, 1913g: 191; Forel, 1913i: 351; Forel, 1913l: 53; Wheeler, 1913b: 485; Wheeler, 1913d: 115; Bruch, 1914: 222; Stitz, 1914: 65; Forel, 1914d: 245; Santschi, 1914d: 354; Viehmeyer, 1914c: 528; Forel, 1915d: 39 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915f: 96, 337; Emery, 1916a: 161; Viehmeyer, 1916a: 132; Arnold, 1916: 228; Wheeler, 1916c: 8; Wheeler, 1916r: 584; Escherich, 1917: 327; Bondroit, 1918: 143; Luederwaldt, 1918: 43; Wheeler, 1919d: 271; Wheeler, 1919f: 84; Mann, 1919: 329; Santschi, 1920h: 161; Santschi, 1920i: 2; Menozzi, 1921: 27; Mann, 1921: 443; Emery, 1922c: 173; Wheeler, 1922: 162, 865, 1027; Soudek, 1922b: 24; Wheeler, 1923a: 3; Müller, 1923b: 77; Viehmeyer, 1923: 91; Crawley, 1924a: 399; Wheeler, 1924c: 246; Santschi, 1924c: 99; Ruzsky, 1925b: 45; Santschi, 1925g: 348; Stitz, 1925c: 119; Wheeler, 1925a: 29; Essig, 1926: 857; Stärcke, 1926a: 86 (in key); Borgmeier, 1927c: 98; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 103; Finzi, 1927a: 9; Karavaiev, 1927d: 262; Menozzi, 1927e: 117; Wheeler, 1927d: 5; Wheeler, 1927h: 87; Santschi, 1928a: 45; Wheeler, 1928c: 17; Wheeler, 1929g: 7; Wheeler, 1929h: 60; Karavaiev, 1930a: 214; Menozzi, 1930b: 108; Smith, 1930a: 3; Wheeler, 1930b: 99; Wheeler, 1930k: 67; Menozzi, 1931b: 267; Wheeler, 1932a: 10; Wheeler, 1932e: 159; Wheeler, 1932g: 16; Menozzi, 1933b: 65 (in key); Stitz, 1934: 2; Karavaiev, 1934: 117 (redescription); Wheeler, 1934f: 138; Wheeler, 1934i: 13; Goetsch & Menozzi, 1935: 96; Donisthorpe, 1935: 633; Grandi, 1935: 100; Menozzi, 1935c: 320; Zimmermann, 1935: 27; Wheeler, 1935g: 24; Eidmann, 1936a: 42; Finzi, 1936: 175; Menozzi, 1936b: 283; Ruzsky, 1936: 96; Smith, 1937: 834; Dennis, 1938: 279; Santschi, 1938a: 39; Finzi, 1939a: 164; Teranishi, 1940: 61; Yasumatsu, 1940c: 68; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 82 (in key); Menozzi, 1942a: 169; Eidmann, 1944: 449; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1944: 246; Buren, 1944a: 289; Weber, 1948b: 82; Kusnezov, 1949a: 425; Peacock et al., 1950: 1; Creighton, 1950a: 222; Smith, 1951c: 811; Azuma, 1951: 87; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 165; Bernard, 1953b: 236; Ceballos, 1956: 305; Brown, 1958h: 36; Smith, 1958c: 128; Carter, 1962a: 6 (in list); Wilson, 1964b: 8; Linsley & Usinger, 1966: 175; Baltazar, 1966: 259; Ettershank, 1966: 91; Bernard, 1967a: 168 (redescription); Smith, 1967a: 356; Wilson & Taylor, 1967b: 68, 103; Kempf, 1968b: 397; Kutter, 1968b: 59; Kempf, 1970a: 24; Baroni Urbani, 1971c: 91; Kempf, 1972b: 144; Alayo, 1974: 14 (in key); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (in key); Hunt & Snelling, 1975: 22; Pisarski, 1975: 17; Collingwood, 1976a: 303; Taylor, 1976a: 86; Francoeur, 1977b: 207; Van Boven, 1977: 83; Yensen et al., 1977: 183; Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (in key); Collingwood, 1978: 82 (in key); Smith, 1979: 1383; Collingwood, 1979: 62; Onoyama, 1980a: 198; Collingwood, 1981: 27; Barquín, 1981: 207; Collingwood, 1985: 272; Bolton, 1987: 356 (redescription); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987a: 55; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (in key); Taylor, 1987a: 41; DuBois & LaBerge, 1988: 139; Kugler, 1988: 258; Zolessi et al., 1988: 4; Deyrup et al., 1989: 96; Casevitz-Weulersse, 1990b: 138; Dlussky et al., 1990: 238; Brandão, 1991: 357; Ogata, 1991b: 107; Wu & Wang, 1992c: 1307; Morisita et al., 1992: 40; Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 164; Hohmann et al., 1993: 155; Arakelian, 1994: 47; Dlussky, 1994a: 54; Wheeler et al., 1994: 303; Bolton, 1995b: 265; Douwes, 1995: 88; Poldi et al., 1995: 4; Tang et al., 1995: 70; Wu & Wang, 1995a: 91; Dorow, 1996a: 78; Espadaler, 1997g: 30; Gallé et al., 1998: 214; Tiwari, 1999: 55; Deyrup et al., 2000: 297; Mathew & Tiwari, 2000: 304; Zhou, 2001a: 113; Czechowski et al., 2002: 61; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 148; Wetterer, 2002: 129; Zhang & Zheng, 2002: 220; Blard et al., 2003: 130; Deyrup, 2003: 45; Imai et al., 2003: 133; Lin & Wu, 2003: 66; Wetterer & Vargo, 2003: 417; Coovert, 2005: 65; Ghosh et al., 2005: 29; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005: 28; MacGown & Forster, 2005: 69; Radchenko, 2005b: 137; Ward, 2005: 34; Bračko, 2006: 137; Gómez & Espadaler, 2006: 228; Heterick, 2006: 100 (redescription); Markó et al., 2006: 69; Petrov, 2006: 94 (in key); Schultz et al., 2006: 206; Bračko, 2007: 17; Clouse, 2007b: 248; Don, 2007: 114; Fernández, 2007b: 137; Seifert, 2007: 218; Werner & Wiezik, 2007: 140; Wetterer et al., 2007: 15; Wild, 2007b: 33; Zryanin & Zryanina, 2007: 232; Framenau & Thomas, 2008: 70; Gratiashvili & Barjadze, 2008: 140; Paknia et al., 2008: 155; Heterick, 2009: 164; Terayama, 2009: 153; Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch, 2010: 43; Boer, 2010: 62; Lapeva-Gjonova et al., 2010: 19; Mohanraj et al., 2010: 6; Wetterer, 2010d: 115; Csősz et al., 2011: 57; Karaman, 2011b: 43; Legakis, 2011: 15; Pfeiffer et al., 2011: 47; Borowiec & Salata, 2012: 519; Branstetter & Sáenz, 2012: 258; Czechowski et al., 2012: 169; Ellison et al., 2012: 257; Guénard & Dunn, 2012: 46; Kiran & Karaman, 2012: 21; Sarnat & Economo, 2012: 88; Hita Garcia et al., 2013: 213; Sarnat et al., 2013: 71; Borowiec, 2014: 124; Ramage, 2014: 165; Tohmé & Tohmé, 2014: 135; Guénard & Economo, 2015: 227; Bharti et al., 2016: 39; Jaitrong et al., 2016: 38; Lebas et al., 2016: 304; Radchenko, 2016: 186; Deyrup, 2017: 74; Steiner et al., 2017: 13; Salata & Borowiec, 2018c: 47; Seifert, 2018: 184; Werner et al., 2018: 7; Dekoninck et al., 2019: 1155; Fernández & Serna, 2019: 808; Lubertazzi, 2019: 131; Madl, 2019: 15; Dias et al., 2020: 78; Khachonpisitsak et al., 2020: 102; Arcos et al., 2022: 12; Wang et al., 2022: 86; Herrera et al., 2024: 180; Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 262 (redescription).
#259838 Senior synonym of Monomorium antiguensis: Roger, 1862c: 294; Mayr, 1863a: 429; Roger, 1863b: 32; Mayr, 1865: 90; Mayr, 1872: 152; Emery & Forel, 1879: 467; Forel, 1891c: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 68; Forel, 1895b: 124; Ruzsky, 1905b: 638; Wheeler, 1908a: 127; Forel, 1915d: 39 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915f: 96; Wheeler, 1919d: 271; Emery, 1922c: 174; Wheeler, 1922: 866; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 103; Karavaiev, 1934: 118; Kempf, 1972b: 144; Bolton, 1987: 356; Bolton, 1995b: 265; Zhou, 2001a: 113; Heterick, 2006: 100; Radchenko, 2016: 186; Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 262.
#287715 Senior synonym of Monomorium contigua: Mayr, 1886c: 359; Forel, 1891c: 164; Dalla Torre, 1893: 68; Wheeler, 1908a: 127; Forel, 1915d: 39 (in key); Wheeler, 1919d: 271; Emery, 1922c: 174; Wheeler, 1922: 866; Karavaiev, 1934: 118; Bolton, 1987: 356; Bolton, 1995b: 265; Zhou, 2001a: 113; Heterick, 2006: 101; Radchenko, 2016: 186; Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 262.
#288582 Senior synonym of Monomorium domestica: Roger, 1862c: 294; Mayr, 1863a: 429; Roger, 1863b: 32; Mayr, 1865: 90; Mayr, 1872: 152; Emery & Forel, 1879: 467; Saunders, 1880: 222; Forel, 1891c: 164; Dalla Torre, 1893: 68; Ruzsky, 1905b: 638; Wheeler, 1908a: 127; Forel, 1915d: 39 (in key); Donisthorpe, 1915f: 96; Wheeler, 1919d: 271; Emery, 1922c: 174; Wheeler, 1922: 866; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 103; Karavaiev, 1934: 118; Bolton, 1987: 356; Bolton, 1995b: 265; Tiwari, 1999: 55; Zhou, 2001a: 113; Heterick, 2006: 100; Radchenko, 2016: 186; Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 262.
#288742 Senior synonym of Monomorium fragilis: Mayr, 1886c: 359; Forel, 1891c: 164; Dalla Torre, 1893: 68; Ruzsky, 1905b: 638; Wheeler, 1908a: 127; Forel, 1915d: 39 (in key); Wheeler, 1919d: 271; Emery, 1922c: 174; Wheeler, 1922: 866; Karavaiev, 1934: 118; Bolton, 1987: 356; Bolton, 1995b: 265; Zhou, 2001a: 113; Heterick, 2006: 100; Radchenko, 2016: 186; Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 262.
#287714 (selected) Senior synonym of Monomorium minutum: Emery, 1892c: 165; Dalla Torre, 1893: 68; Forel, 1895b: 124; Wheeler, 1908a: 127; Donisthorpe, 1915f: 96; Wheeler, 1919d: 271; Emery, 1922c: 174; Wheeler, 1922: 866; Donisthorpe, 1927c: 103; Karavaiev, 1934: 118; Bolton, 1987: 288, 356; Bolton, 1995b: 265; Zhou, 2001a: 113; Heterick, 2006: 100; Radchenko, 2016: 186; Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 262.
#287713 Senior synonym of Monomorium vastator: Donisthorpe, 1932c: 449; Bolton, 1987: 365; Bolton, 1995b: 265; Heterick, 2006: 100; Radchenko, 2016: 186; Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 262.