Ward, P. S.; Boudinot, B. E. 2021. Grappling with homoplasy: taxonomic refinements and reassignments in the ant genera Camponotus and Colobopsis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 79:37-56. 10.3897/asp.79.e66978 PDF

Satria, R.; Herwina, H. 2020. New distribution records of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to the fauna of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Advances in Biological Sciences Research 10:82-84. PDF

Wang, W. Y.; Jaitrong, W. 2021. [Untitled. New species in Rhopalomastix attributed to Wang, W.Y. & Jaitrong, W.]. Pp. 123-155 in: Wang, W. Y.; Yong, G. W. J.; Jaitrong, W. 2021. Revision of the elusive ant genus Rhopalomastix (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Thailand based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 739:117-157. PDF

Wang, W. Y.; Yong, G. W. J.; Jaitrong, W. 2021. Revision of the elusive ant genus Rhopalomastix (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) in Thailand based on morphology and DNA barcodes, with descriptions of three new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 739:117-157. 10.5852/ejt.2021.739.1271 PDF

Schifani, E.; Costa, S.; Mei, M.; Alicata, A. 2021. A new species for the Italian fauna: Aphaenogaster strioloides, not A. crocea, inhabits Pantelleria Island (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Fragmenta Entomologica 53 (1):21-24. 10.13133/2284-4880/482 PDF

Varela-Hernández, F.; Riquelme, F. 2021. A new ant species of the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839 from Miocene Mexican amber. Southwestern Entomologist 46 (1):75-82. 10.3958/059.046.0107 PDF

Radchenko, A. G.; Perkovsky, E. E. 2021. Wheeler's dilemma revisited: first Oecophylla–Lasius syninclusion and other ants syninclusions in the Bitterfeld amber (late Eocene). Invertebrate Zoology 18 (1):47-65. 10.15298/invert-zool.18.1.05 PDF

Notes: Age of Bitterfeld amber remains equivocal between late Eocene and Oligocene

Fernandes, I. O.; Larabee, F. J.; Oliveira, M. L.; Delabie, J. H. C.; Schultz, T. R. 2021. A global phylogenetic analysis of trap-jaw ants, Anochetus Mayr and Odontomachus Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Systematic Entomology 46:685-703. 10.1111/syen.12483 PDF

Notes: Published online early 7 Apr 2021, without volume number or final pagination.

Richter, A.; Hita Garcia, F.; Keller, R. A.; Billen, J.; Katzke, J.; Boudinot, B. E.; Economo, E. P.; Beutel, R. G. 2021. The head anatomy of Protanilla lini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae), with a hypothesis of their mandibular movement. Myrmecological News 31:85-114. 10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:85 PDF

Notes: Head anatomy, Protanilla

Al-Keridis, L. A.; Gaber, N. M.; Aldawood, A. S.; Sharaf, M. R. 2021. Description of the queen of the Arabian endemic dolichoderine species Tapinoma wilsoni Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with the first illustrated key to queens of the Arabian Tapinoma Foerster, 1850. African Entomology 29 (1):233-237. 10.4001/003.029.0233 PDF

Notes: Tapinoma queen key to species

Billen, J.; Khalife, A.; Ito, F.; Anh, N.D.; Esteves, F. A. 2021. The basitarsal sulcus gland, a novel exocrine structure in ants. Arthropod Structure & Development 61: Article 101041:1-10. 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101041 PDF

Notes: Basitarsal sulcus gland anatomy

Perfilieva, K. S. 2021. Distribution and differentiation of fossil Oecophylla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) species by wings imprints. Paleontological Journal 55:76-89. 10.1134/S003103012101010X PDF

Longino, J. T.; Branstetter, M. G. 2021. Integrating UCE phylogenomics with traditional taxonomy reveals a trove of New World Syscia species (Formicidae: Dorylinae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 5(2):1-51. 10.1093/isd/ixab001 PDF

Day, M. C.; Fitton, M. G. 1978. Re-curation of the Linnaean Hymenoptera (Insecta), with a reassessment of the taxonomic importance of the collection. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 10 (2):181-198. 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1978.tb00012.x PDF

Csősz, S.; Fisher, B. L. 2021. New species of Aphaenogaster attributed to Csősz & Fisher]. Pp. 15-29 in: Csősz, S.; Loss, A. C.; Fisher, B. L. 2021. Taxonomic revision of the Malagasy Aphaenogaster swammerdami group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PeerJ 9:e10900:1-34. PDF

Csősz, S.; Loss, A. C.; Fisher, B. L. 2021. Taxonomic revision of the Malagasy Aphaenogaster swammerdami group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). PeerJ 9:e10900:1-34. DOI 10.7717/peerj.10900 PDF

Tinaut, A.; Reyes-López, J. L. 2020. Descripción de una nueva especie para la península ibérica: Temnothorax alfacarensis n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Boletín de la Asociación Española de Entomologia 44:359-378. PDF

Jeantet, A.-Y. 1969. Recherches histophysiologiques sur la développement post-embryonnaire et le cycle annuel de Formica rufa (Hyménòptere). Insectes Sociaux 16:87-102. PDF

Notes: Formica larva fat cell development

Weir, J.S. 1959. Changes in the retro-cerebral endocrine system of larvae of Myrmica, and their relation to larval growth and development. Insectes Sociaux 6:27-386. PDF

Notes: Myrmica head anatomy

Emmert, W. 1969. Entwicklungslleistungen fragmentierter Labialdrüsen-Imaginalanlangen von Formica pratensis Retz. (Hymenoptera). Wilhelm Roux' Archiv 162:97-113. PDF

Notes: Formica labial gland development

Emmert, W. 1968. Die Postembryonalentwicklung sekretorischer Kopfdrüsen von Formica pratensis Retz. und Apis mellifica L. (Ins. Hym.). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere 63:1-62. PDF

Notes: Formica head gland development

Nitschmann, J. 1959. Die Entwicklung des Darmkanals bei Myrmica ruginodis Nyl. (Hym. Formicidae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 6:454-463. PDF

Notes: Myrmica digestive tract development

Solis, D.R.; Rossi, M.L.; Fox, E.G.P.; de Lima Nogueira, N.; Tanaka, F.A.O.; Bueno, O.C. 2012. On the morphology of the digestive system of two Monomorium ant species. Journal of Insect Science 13:1-13. PDF

Notes: Digestive system larva adult Monomorium.

Valentini, S. 1951. Sur l'adaptation des larves de Formicoidea. Annales des Sciences Naturelles de Zoologie 13:249-276.

Notes: Comparative development 12 species, hypotheses for larval adaptations

Wang, Y.J.; Happ, G.M. 1974. Larval development during the nomadic phase of a nearctic army ant, Neivamyrmex nigrescens (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 3:73-86.

Notes: Neivamyrmex larval development

Pérez, C. 1902. Contribution a l'étude des métamorphoses. Bulletin Scientifique de la France et de la Belgique 37:195-427.

Notes: Formica rufa development

Berlese, A. 1902. Osservazioni su fenomeni che avvegono durante la ninfosi degli insetti metabolici. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale 9:177-344.

Notes: Tapinoma erraticum development

Berlese, A. 1902. Osservazioni su fenomeni che avvegono durante la ninfosi degli insetti metabolici. Rivista di Patologia Vegetale 9:177-344.

Notes: Tapinoma erraticum development

Blanchard, B.D.; Nakamura, A.; Cao, M.; Chen, S.T; Moreau, C.S. 2020. Spine and dine: a key defensive trait promotes ecological success in spiny ants. Ecology and Evolution 10:5852-5863. 10.1002/ece3.6322 PDF

Notes: Polyrhachis phylogeny, evolution

Blanchard, B.D.; Moreau, C.S. 2017. Defensive traits exhibit an evolutionary trade-off and drive diversification in ants. Evolution 71:315-328. 10.1111/evo.13117 PDF

Notes: Formicidae phylogenomics, trait evolution