Zálesky, M. 1938b. Hnízda mravencu Formica exsecta exsecta a F. exsecta pressilabris. Casopis Ceskoslovenské Spolecnosti Entomologické 35:35.
Zhigulskaya, Z. A.; Shekhovtsov, S. V.; Poluboyarova, T. V.; Berman, D. I. 2022. Formica picea and F. candida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): synonyms or two species? Diversity 14(8), 613:1-9. 10.3390/d14080613 PDF
Yasumatsu, K. 1941f. On the new habitat of Formica exsecta fukaii. [In Japanese.]. Mushi 14:14. PDF
Yarrow, I. H. H. 1954a. The British ants allied to Formica fusca L. (Hym., Formicidae). Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 11:229-244. PDF
Yarrow, I. H. H. 1954b. Formica exsecta Nylander (Hym., Formicidae) in the British Isles. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 90:183-185.
Yarrow, I. H. H. 1955a. The British ants allied to Formica rufa L. (Hym., Formicidae). Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 12:1-48. PDF
Yano, M. 1910b. On Camponotus ligniperdus and Formica japonica. [In Japanese.]. Hakubutsu Tomo 10:51-53.

Notes: Not seen. Cited in Okano (1989) and Onoyama & Terayama (1994).

Wu, J. 1990. Taxonomic studies on the genus Formica L. of China (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [In Chinese.]. Forest Research 3:1-8. PDF
Wisniewski, J.; Moskaluk, A. 1975. Mrówki z grupy Formica rufa (Hym., Formicidae) w Karkonoskim Parku Narodowym. Prace Komisji Nauk Rolniczych i Komisji Nauk Lesnych 40:153-156.
Wisniewski, J. 1969. Inwentaryzacja mrowisk z grupy Formica rufa w Borach Niemodlinskich. Prace Komisji Nauk Rolniczych i Komisji Nauk Lesnych 28:383-397.
Wisniewski, J. 1981a. Gynandromorfy Formica rufa L. i F. pratensis Retz. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Prace Komisji Nauk Rolniczych i Komisji Nauk Lesnych 52:181-184.
Wilson, E. O.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1955. Revisionary notes on the sanguinea and neogagates groups of the ant genus Formica. Psyche (Cambridge) 62:108-129. PDF
Wilson, E. O. 1955c. Division of labor in a nest of the slave-making ant Formica wheeleri Creighton. Psyche (Cambridge) 62:130-133.
Wilson, E. O. 1977b ("1976"). The first workerless parasite in the ant genus Formica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Cambridge) 83:277-281. PDF
Wilkinson, R. C.; Bhatkar, A. P.; Whitcomb, W. H.; Kloft, W. J. 1980. Formica integra (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 3. Trial introduction into Florida. Florida Entomologist 63:142-146.
Wheeler, W. M. 1902b. Formica fusca Linn. subsp. subpolita Mayr, var. perpilosa, n. var. Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad Científica "Antonio Alzate" 17:141-142. PDF

Notes: The issue of volume 17 in which this article appears is dated "Abril 1902", but Wheeler signs off his article with date "May 7th 1902".

Wheeler, W. M. 1903. [Untitled. Formica sanguinea subnuda sp. nov. attributed to W.M. Wheeler.]. P. 73 in: Viereck, H. L. 1903. Hymenoptera of Beulah, New Mexico. [part]. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 29:56-87. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1908i. The ants of Casco Bay, Maine, with observations on two races of Formica sanguinea Latreille. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 24:619-645. PDF
Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1981. Nest of Formica propinqua (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Great Basin Naturalist 41:389-392.
Wesselinoff, G. D. 1981. Diffusione e protezione delle formiche del gruppo Formica rufa in Bulgaria. Collana Verde 59:315-318.
Weber, N. A. 1935. The biology of the thatching ant, Formica rufa obscuripes Forel, in North Dakota. Ecological Monographs 5:165-206. PDF
Vogelsanger, E. 1938. Eine für die Schweiz neue Ameisenart, Formica uralensis Ruzsky. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 17:231-232. PDF
Viehmeyer, H. 1911b. Morphologie und Phylogenie von Formica sanguinea. Zoologischer Anzeiger 37:427-441. PDF
Vepsäläinen, K.; Pisarski, B. 1981. The taxonomy of the Formica rufa group: chaos before order. Pp. 27-35 in: Howse, P. E.; Clement, J.-L. (eds.) 1981. Biosystematics of social insects. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 19. London: Academic Press, 346 pp.
Topoff, H.; Zimmerli, E. 1992 ("1991"). Formica wheeleri: Darwin's predatory slave-making ant? Psyche (Cambridge) 98:309-317.
Teranishi, C. 1934b. Formica exsecta var. fukaii Wheeler and its related species. [In Japanese.]. Kansai Konchu Zasshi 2:37-39. PDF
Talbot, M. 1977 ("1976"). The natural history of the workerless ant parasite Formica talbotae. Psyche (Cambridge) 83:282-288. PDF
Talbot, M. 1985. The slave-making ant Formica gynocrates (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Great Lakes Entomologist 18:103-112.
Sundström, L.; Seppä, P.; Pamilo, P. 2005. Genetic population structure and dispersal patterns in Formica ants — a review. Annales Zoologici Fennici 42:163-177. PDF
Stärcke, A. 1947. Die boreale vorm van de roode boschmier (Formica rufa rufa Nyl.) op de Hooge Veluwe. Entomologische Berichten (Amsterdam) 12:144-146. PDF