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Blacker, N. C. 1994. A proposed ecological relationship between the main species-groups of the ant genus Formica L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) found in northern Europe, with comments on the closely allied genus Polyergus Latreille. Entomologist's Gazette 45:127-140.

Blackwelder, R. E. 1947. The dates and editions of Curtis' British Entomology. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 107(5):1-27.

Blackwelder, R. E. 1949a. Studies on the dates of books on Coleoptera. I. Coleopterists' Bulletin 3:42-46.

Blackwelder, R. E. 1949b. Studies on the dates of books on Coleoptera. III. Coleopterists' Bulletin 3:92-94.

Georges Cuvier 1836. Le règne animal distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux, et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Paris: Fortin, Masson et Cie, Libraires, 654. PDF

Bloch, D. 1776. Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte des Kopals. Beschäftigungen der Berlinischen Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde 2:91-196. PDF

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Blüthgen, P. 1951. Neues oder Wissenswertes über mitteleuropäische Aculeaten und Goldwespen II. (Hym.). Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 2:229-234.

Blum, M. S. 1966. The source and specificity of trail pheromones in Termitopone, Monomorium and Huberia, and their relation to those of some other ants. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A 41:155-160.

Blum, M. S. 1973. Comparative exocrinology of the Formicidae. Pp. 23-40 in: International Union for the Study of Social Insects. Congress 1973. Proceedings IUSSI VIIth International Congress, London, 10-15 September, 1973. Southampton: University of Southampton, vi + 418 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1974. Myrmicine trail pheromones: specificity, source and significance. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 82:141-147.

Blum, M. S. 1980. Arthropods and economes: better fitness through ecological chemistry. Pp. 207-222 in: Gilles, R. (ed.) 1980. Animal and environmental fitness. Vol. 1. Oxford: Pergamon Press, xviii + 619 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1981. Sex pheromones in social insects: chemotaxonomic potential. Pp. 163-174 in: Howse, P. E.; Clement, J.-L. (eds.) 1981. Biosystematics of social insects. Systematics Association Special Volume No. 19. London: Academic Press, 346 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1984. Poisonous ants and their venoms. Pp. 225-242 in: Tu, A. T. (ed.) 1984. Handbook of natural toxins. Volume 2. Insect poisons, allergens, and other invertebrate venoms. New York: M. Dekker, xv + 732 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1985. Alkaloidal ant venoms: chemistry and biological activities. Pp. 393-408 in: Hedin, P. A. (ed.) 1985. Bioregulators for pest control. ACS Symposium Series No. 276. Washington: American Chemical Society, xxi + 540 pp.

Blum, M. S. 1986. Ant venoms: structural and functional diversity. [Abstract.]. Journal of Toxicology. Toxin Reviews 5:173.

Blum, M. S. 1992. Ant venoms: chemical and pharmacological properties. Journal of Toxicology. Toxin Reviews 11:115-164.

Blum, M. S.; Brand, J. M.; Amante, E. 1981. o-Aminoacetophenone: identification in a primitive fungus-growing ant (Mycocepurus goeldii). Experientia (Basel) 37:816-817.

Billen, J. P. J. 1982b. Ultrastructure of the Dufour gland in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). [Abstract.]. P. 329 in: Breed, M. D.; Michener, C. D.; Evans, H. E. (eds.) 1982. The biology of social insects. Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of the IUSSI, Boulder, Colorado, August 1982. Boulder: Westview Press, xii + 420 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1984a. Morphology of the tibial gland in the ant Crematogaster scutellaris. Naturwissenschaften 71:324-325.

Billen, J. P. J. 1984b. Dufour gland morphology in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). [Abstract.]. P. 503 in: XVII International Congress of Entomology 1984. Abstract Volume. Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany, August 20-26, 1984. Hamburg: XVII International Congress of Entomology, 960 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1985a. Ultrastructure of the worker ovarioles in Formica ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 14:21-32.

Billen, J. P. J. 1985b. Comparative ultrastructure of the poison and Dufour glands in Old and New World army ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 2:17-26.

Billen, J. P. J. 1985c. Ultrastructure de la glande de Pavan chez Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (L.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux 2:87-95.

Billen, J. P. J. 1986a. Morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour's and venom gland in the ant, Myrmica rubra (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 15:13-25.

Billen, J. P. J. 1987b. New structural aspects of the Dufour's and venom glands in social insects. Naturwissenschaften 74:340-341.

Billen, J. P. J. 1987c. Morphology and ultrastructure of the exocrine glands in social Hymenoptera. Pp. 81-84 in: Eder, J.; Rembold, H. (eds.) 1987. Chemistry and biology of social insects. München: Verlag J. Peperny, xxxv + 757 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1990a. Phylogenetic aspects of exocrine gland development in the Formicidae. Pp. 317-318 in: Veeresh, G. K.; Mallik, B.; Viraktamath, C. A. (eds.) 1990. Social insects and the environment. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of IUSSI, 1990. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., xxxi + 765 pp.

Billen, J. P. J. 1990b. Morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour's and venom gland in the ant Myrmecia gulosa (Fabr.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 38:305-315.

Billen, J. P. J. 1990d. A survey of the glandular systems of fire ants. Pp. 85-94 in: Vander Meer, R. K.; Jaffe, K.; Cedeno, A. (eds.) 1990. Applied myrmecology: a world perspective. Boulder: Westview Press, xv + 741 pp.