Ecitoninae
Forel, 1893
junior synonym of current valid taxon Dorylinae Leach, 1815
- Ecitoninae as subfamily of Dorylidae: Ashmead, 1905c: 381; Ashmead, 1906: 23.
- Ecitoninae as subfamily of Formicidae: Brown, 1973b: 166; Snelling, 1981: 392; Bolton, 1990c: 1357; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; all subsequent authors.
- Ecitoninae as dorylomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 34, 142; Brady & Ward, 2005: 593.
- Ecitoninae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Moreau et al., 2006: 102.
- Ecitoninae as formicoid dorylomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Brady et al., 2006: 18173; Ward, 2007c: 555.
- Ecitoninae as junior synonym of Dorylinae: Brady et al., 2014: 5
Obsolete classifications
Subfamily and tribe Ecitonini references
Emery, 1895l: 765 (diagnosis); Ashmead, 1906: 23, 24 (tribes & genera keys); Emery, 1910b: 15 (diagnosis, genera key, catalogue); Wheeler, 1910a: 138, 558 (diagnosis, North America genera); Forel, 1917: 240 (synoptic classification); Gallardo, 1920: 312 (Argentina genera, key); Wheeler, 1922: 634 (genera key); Borgmeier, 1923: 37 (Brazil catalogue); Smith, 1943e: 290 (U.S.A. males); Creighton, 1950a: 61 (North America); Borgmeier, 1955: 51, 57 (revision of subfamily, tribes key); Borgmeier, 1955: 79 (revision of tribe, genera key); Brown, 1973b: 166 (genera, distribution); Watkins, 1976: 6 (genera keys); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b: 46 (larvae, review & synthesis); Snelling, 1981: 392 (synoptic classification); Gotwald & Burdette, 1981: 78 (phylogeny); Watkins, 1982: 210 (Mexico genera, key); Gotwald, 1982: 167 (genera key); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 74 (genera key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g: 17 (U.S.A., Nevada); Bolton, 1990c: 1357 (diagnosis, morphology, phylogeny); Brandão, 1991: 392 (Neotropical fauna, synoptic classification); Baroni Urbani et al., 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Jaffe, 1993: 13 (Neotropical genera, synoptic classification); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 149 (genera key); Bolton, 1994: 38 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera key); Bolton, 1995a: 1039 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 11 (catalogue); Hölldobler et al., 1996: 158 (metatibial gland); Palacio, 1999: 143 (Colombia genera, key); Perfilieva, 2002: 1239 (venation); Palacio & Fernández, 2003: 240 (Neotropical genera key); Brady, 2003: 6575 (phylogeny); Bolton, 2003: 34, 142 (diagnosis, synopsis); Brady & Ward, 2005: 593 (phylogeny); Moreau et al., 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Brady et al., 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007c: 555 (classification); Keller, 2011: 1 (morphology, phylogeny).
Citations
- Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Canadian Entomologist 37:381-384. PDF
- Ashmead, W. H. 1906. Classification of the foraging and driver ants, or Family Dorylidae, with a description of the genus Ctenopyga Ashm. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 8:21-31. PDF
- Baroni Urbani, C. 1984 ("1983"). Clave para la determinación de los géneros de hormigas neotropicales. Graellsia 39:73-82. PDF
- Baroni Urbani, C.; Bolton, B.; Ward, P. S. 1992. The internal phylogeny of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 17:301-329. PDF
- Bolton, B. 1990c. Army ants reassessed: the phylogeny and classification of the doryline section (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Natural History 24:1339-1364. PDF
- Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp.
- Bolton, B. 1995a. A taxonomic and zoogeographical census of the extant ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History 29:1037-1056. PDF
- Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp.
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. PDF
- Borgmeier, T. 1923. Catalogo systematico e synonymico das formigas do Brasil. 1 parte. Subfam. Dorylinae, Cerapachyinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae. Archivos do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro) 24:33-103.
- Borgmeier, T. 1955. Die Wanderameisen der neotropischen Region. Studia Entomologica 3:1-720. PDF
- Brady, S. G. 2003. Evolution of the army ant syndrome: the origin and long-term evolutionary stasis of a complex of behavioral and reproductive adaptations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100:6575-6579. PDF
- Brady, S. G.; Fisher, B. L.; Schultz, T. R.; Ward, P. S. 2014. The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14 (93):1-14. 10.1186/1471-2148-14-93 PDF
- Brady, S. G.; Schultz, T. R.; Fisher, B. L.; Ward, P. S. 2006. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:18172-18177. PDF
- Brady, S. G.; Ward, P. S. 2005. Morphological phylogeny of army ants and other dorylomorphs (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 30:593-618. PDF
- Brandão, C. R. F. 1991. Adendos ao catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 35:319-412. PDF
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J.; Ayensu, E. S.; Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) 1973. Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. PDF
- Creighton, W. S. 1950a. The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 104:1-585. PDF
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8:685-778. PDF
- Emery, C. 1910b. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Dorylinae. Genera Insectorum 102:1-34. PDF
- Forel, A. 1893b. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 37:161-167. PDF
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 51:229-253. PDF
- Gallardo, A. 1920. Las hormigas de la República Argentina. Subfamilia Dorilinas. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 30:281-410. PDF
- Gotwald, W. H., Jr. 1982. Army ants. Pp. 157-254 in: Hermann, H. R. (ed.) 1982. Social insects. Volume 4. New York: Academic Press, 385 pp.
- Gotwald, W. H., Jr.; Burdette, A. W. 1981. Morphology of the male internal reproductive system in army ants: phylogenetic implications (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 83:72-92. PDF
- Hölldobler, B.; Obermayer, M.; Peeters, C. 1996. Comparative study of the metatibial gland in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Zoomorphology (Berlin) 116:157-167.
- Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp.
- Jaffe, K. 1993. El mundo de las hormigas. Baruta, Venezuela: Equinoccio (Ediciones de la Universidad Simón Bolívar), 188 pp.
- Keller, R. A. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 355:1-90. PDF
- Moreau, C. S.; Bell, C. D.; Vila, R.; Archibald, S. B.; Pierce, N. E. 2006. Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms. Science (Washington, D. C.) 312:101-104. PDF
- Palacio, E. 1999. Hormigas legionarias (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ecitoninae) de Colombia. Pp. 117-189 in: Amat-G., G.; Andrade-C., M. G.; Fernández, F. (eds.) 1999. Insectos de Colombia. Volumen II. Bogotá: Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 433 pp.
- Palacio, E. E.; Fernández, F. 2003. Claves para las subfamilias y géneros. Pp. 233-260 in: Fernández, F. (ed.) 2003. Introducción a las hormigas de la región Neotropical. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, xxvi + 424 pp.
- Perfilieva, K. S. 2002. Wing venation in army ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmeciinae) and its importance for phylogeny. [In Russian.]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 81(10):1239-1250. PDF
- Smith, M. R. 1943e. A generic and subgeneric synopsis of the male ants of the United States. American Midland Naturalist 30:273-321. PDF
- Snelling, R. R. 1981. Systematics of social Hymenoptera. Pp. 369-453 in: Hermann, H. R. (ed.) 1981. Social insects. Volume 2. New York: Academic Press, xiii + 491 pp.
- Ward, P. S. 2007c. Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 1668:549-563. PDF
- Watkins, J. F., II 1976. The identification and distribution of New World army ants (Dorylinae: Formicidae). Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press, 102 pp. PDF
- Watkins, J. F., II 1982. The army ants of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ecitoninae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 55:197-247. PDF
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1976b. Ant larvae: review and synthesis. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 7:1-108. PDF
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1986g. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, vii + 138 pp. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139.
Extant: 0 valid tribes (2 obsolete combinations)