Myrmicinae - AntCat

Myrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 valid

Myrmicites Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 169 Type-genus: Myrmica

Myrmicinae as group name: Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835: 169 [Myrmicites]; Nylander, 1846a: 877 [Myrmicae].
Myrmicinae as family: Smith, 1851: 4 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, 1861b: 45 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, 1871b: 324 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1882a: 125 [Myrmicidae]; Cresson, 1887: 93 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1894h: 383 [Myrmicidae]; Saunders, 1896: 18 [Myrmicidae]; Ashmead, 1905c: 383 [Myrmicidae]; Novák & Sadil, 1941: 71 [Myrmicidae]; Bernard, 1951c: 1058 [Myrmicidae]; Bernard, 1953b: 222 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Poneridae: Smith, 1858a: 114 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as tribe of Formicidae: André, 1874b: 167 [Myrmicidae].
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Myrmicidae: Ashmead, 1905c: 383.
Myrmicinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Mayr, 1855: 290, 299 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, 1857a: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 21 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, 1862b: 33 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1862: 738 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 17 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1868c: 24 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1870: 307 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1874: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Emery, 1877b: 70 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1878c: 367 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879: 456 [Myrmicidae]; André, 1881c: 64 [Myrmicidae]; Nasonov, 1889: 28 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1891c: 11 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1892k: 220 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1893b: 163; Dalla Torre, 1893: 53; Emery, 1895l: 768 [subfamily spelled Myrmicini]; Emery, 1896e: 179; Forel, 1899d: 30; Forel, 1902g: 520; Bingham, 1903: 105; Wheeler, 1910a: 138; Emery, 1914e: 29; Wheeler, 1915h: 806 [Myrmicides]; Wheeler, 1915i: 40; Donisthorpe, 1915f: 74; Arnold, 1916: 166; Escherich, 1917: 2 [Myrmicini]; Forel, 1917: 240 [subfamily spelled Myrmicini]; Bondroit, 1918: 14 [Myrmicitae]; Wheeler, 1920: 53; Wheeler, 1922: 124; Emery, 1921c: 3; Karavaiev, 1934: 59; Clark, 1951: 16; Brown, 1954e: 28; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1972a: 40; Brown, 1973b: 166; all subsequent authors.
Myrmicinae as myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Bolton, 2003: 52, 182.
Myrmicinae as formicoid subfamily of Formicidae: Moreau et al., 2006: 102; Brady et al., 2006: 18173.
Myrmicinae as formicoid myrmicomorph subfamily of Formicidae: Ward, 2007c: 556.

Tribes of Myrmicinae: Attini, Crematogastrini, Myrmicini, Pogonomyrmecini, Solenopsidini, Stenammini

Genera incertae sedis in Myrmicinae: †Afromyrma, †Bilobomyrma, †Boltonidris, †Brachytarsites, †Cephalomyrmex, †Clavipetiola, †Electromyrmex, †Eocenidris, †Eomyrmex, †Fallomyrma, †Fushunomyrmex, †Miosolenopsis, †Orbigastrula, †Quadrulicapito, †Quineangulicapito, †Sinomyrmex, †Solenopsites, †Sphaerogasterites, Tyrannomyrmex, †Wumyrmex, †Zhangidris

Collective group names in Myrmicinae: †Myrmicites

Subfamily Myrmicinae references, world

Mayr, 1865: 17 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 91 (diagnosis); Forel, 1878c: 367 (diagnosis); Handlirsch, 1907: 872 (*fossil taxa catalogue); Dalla Torre, 1893: 53 (catalogue); Emery, 1895l: 768 (diagnosis); Emery, 1896e: 179 (genera key); Wheeler, 1910a: 138 (diagnosis); Emery, 1912b: 101 (phylogeny); Emery, 1914e: 34 (phylogeny, tribe key); Arnold, 1916: 164 (diagnosis); Forel, 1917: 240 (synoptic classification); Forel, 1921c: 139 (diagnosis); Emery, 1921c: 3 (diagnosis, tribes & genera key, catalogue); Wheeler, 1922: 124, 655 (diagnosis, tribes key); Brown & Nutting, 1950: 126 (venation, phylogeny); Brown, 1954e: 28 (phylogeny); Eisner, 1957: 477 (proventriculus morphology); Bernard, 1967a: 93 (diagnosis); Gotwald, 1969b: 99 (mouthparts morphology); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1972a: 40 (diagnosis); Brown, 1973b: 166 (genera, distribution); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b: 52 (larvae, review & synthesis); Kugler, 1978a: 413 (sting structure); Kugler, 1978b: 267 (pygidial glands); Kugler, 1979c: 117 (sting, evolution); Snelling, 1981: 393 (synoptic classification); Caetano, 1984: 257 (digestive tract, morphology); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b: 257 (synoptic classification); Billen, 1986b: 167 (Dufour's gland); Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 79 (synoptic classification); Hashimoto, 1990: 495 (possible Ectatomminae+Myrmicinae synapomorphy); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 onward (synoptic classification, genera keys); Baroni Urbani et al., 1992: 317 (phylogeny); Bolton, 1994: 75 (diagnosis, synoptic classification, genera keys); Bolton, 1995a: 1040 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 13 (catalogue); Hashimoto, 1996: 354 (phylogenetic position); Baroni Urbani, 2000: 480 (phylogeny); Dlussky & Rasnitsyn, 2003: 422 (diagnosis for wingless fossils); Bolton, 2003: 52, 182 (diagnosis, synopsis); Moreau et al., 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Brady et al., 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007c: 556 (classification); Keller, 2011: 1 (morphology, phylogeny); Bolton & Fisher, 2014: 1 (Eutetramorium genus group revision, diagnosis); Ward et al., 2015: 1 (phylogeny, tribal classification); Boudinot, 2015: 56 (male diagnosis); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 50 (worker diagnosis)

Regional and national faunas with keys

Mayr, 1855: 391 (Austria); Mayr, 1861: 29 (Europe); Mayr, 1868b: 79 (*Baltic Amber); André, 1874: 171 (Europe); Forel, 1874: 29 (Switzerland); Saunders, E. 1880: 213 (Britain); André, 1882d: 256 (Europe and Algeria); Cresson, 1887: 98 (U.S.A. genera); Provancher, 1887: 243 (Canada); Nasonov, 1889: 54 (Russia); Forel, 1891c: 11 (Madagascar genera); Lameere, 1892: 66 (Belgium); Forel, 1902g: 520 (India and Sri Lanka genera); Bingham, 1903: 105 (India, Sri Lanka and Burma); Ruzsky, 1905b: 103 (Russian Empire); Wasmann, 1906: 13 (Luxemburg); Bondroit, 1910: 490 (Belgium); Wheeler, 1910a: 558 (North America genera); Stitz, 1914: 55 (Central Europe); Gallardo, 1915: 32 (Argentina genera); Forel, 1915d: 8 (Switzerland); Donisthorpe, 1915f: 74 (Britain); Arnold, 1916: 166, 170 (South Africa tribes, genera); Emery, 1916a: 112 (Italy); Wheeler, W.M. 1916m: 581 (U.S.A., Connecticut); Bondroit, 1918: 90 (France and Belgium); Kutter, 1920b: 144 (Switzerland); Soudek, 1922b: 20 (Czechoslovakia); Stärcke, 1926: 84 (Netherlands); Karavaiev, 1927d: 256 (Ukraine); Donisthorpe, 1927c: 77 (Britain); Menozzi & Russo, 1930: 170 (Dominican Republic); Gallardo, 1932c: 91 (Argentina, tribes); Arnol'di, 1933b: 596 (Russia); Menozzi, 1933b: 88 (Israel genera); Karavaiev, 1934: 60 (Ukraine); Smith, M.R. 1937: 829 (Puerto Rico); Stitz, 1939: 63 (Germany); Kratochvíl, 1941b: 71 (Central Europe); Novák & Sadil, 1941: 71 (Central Europe); Cole, 1942: 360 (U.S.A., Utah); Smith, M.R. 1943f: 291 (U.S.A., males); Holgersen, 1943c: 166 (Norway); Holgersen, 1944a: 198 (Norway); Buren, 1944a: 281 (U.S.A., Iowa); Smith, M.R. 1947f: 543 (U.S.A. genera); van Boven, 1947: 170 (Belgium); Creighton, 1950a: 83 (Nearctic); Kusnezov, 1956a: 15 (Argentina); Brown, 1958h: 25 (New Zealand); van Boven, 1959: 7 (Netherlands); Gregg, 1963: 288 (U.S.A., Colorado); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1963: 92 (U.S.A., North Dakota); Collingwood, 1964b: 94 (Britain); Bernard, 1967a: 95 (Western Europe); Wilson & Taylor, 1967b: 13 (Polynesia); van Boven, 1970b: 9 (Netherlands); Kempf, 1972b: 263 (Neotropical, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1973a: 325 (West Africa genera); Bolton & Collingwood, 1975: 3 (Britain); Snelling & Hunt, 1976: 70 (Chile); Tarbinsky, 1976: 19 (Kyrghyzstan); van Boven, 1977: 69 (Belgium); Kutter, 1977c: 31 (Switzerland); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 524 (former European U.S.S.R.); Collingwood, 1978: 75 (Iberian Peninsula); Collingwood, 1979: 36 (Fennoscandia and Denmark); Greenslade, 1979: 20 (South Australia genera); Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 423 (Malta); Allred, 1982: 438 (U.S.A., Utah); Baroni Urbani, 1984: 76 (Neotropical genera); Verhaeghe et al., 1984: 112 (Belgium genera); Gösswald, 1985: 289 (Germany); Collingwood, 1985: 245 (Saudi Arabia); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1986g: 20 (U.S.A., Nevada); Nilsson & Douwes, 1987: 57 (Norway); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 265 (Balkans); Dlussky, etal. 1990: 181 (Turkmenistan); Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 89 (Far Eastern Russia); Ogata, 1991b: 61 (Japan genera); Morisita et al., 1992: 1 (Japan); Atanasov & Dlussky, 1992: 51 (Bulgaria); Lattke, in Jaffe, 1993: 153 (Neotropical genera); Arakelian, 1994: 15 (Armenia); Wu & Wang, 1995a: 57 (China genera); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 327 (Far Eastern Russia); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 308 (Saudi Arabia); Seifert, 1996b: 108 (Central Europe); Skinner & Allen, 1996: 43 (Britain); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 10 (Portugal); Shattuck, 1999: 39, 122 (Australia genera, synopsis); Andersen, 2000: 37 (northern Australia genera); Zhou, 2001a: 69 (China, Guangxi); Czechowski et al., 2002: 135 (Poland); Aktaç & Radchenko, 2002: 55 (Turkey genera); Yoshimura & Onoyama, 2002b: 424 (Japan genera, males); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 58 (U.S.A., New Mexico); Palacio & Fernández, in Fernández, 2003d: 244 (Neotropical genera and synopsis); Coovert, 2005: 32 (U.S.A., Ohio); Radchenko, 2005b: 184 (North Korea); Clouse, 2007b: 190 (Micronesia); Seifert, 2007: 110 (North and Central Europe); Terayama, 2009: 131 (Taiwan); Heterick, 2009: 36 (south- western Australia genera); Boer, 2010: 46 (Benelux); Eguchi, et al. 2011: 8 (Vietnam genera); Czechowski, et al. 2012: 344 (Poland); General & Alpert, 2012: 73 (Philippines genera key) ; Dlussky & Perfilieva, 2014: 433 (British Eocene species key); Baccaro et al., 2015: 82, 202 (Brazil genera key, text); Fernández & Serna, 2019: 791 (Colombia fauna); Jessen, 2020: 31 (Enspel oil shales keys, gynes, workers)

Citations

Aktaç, N.; Radchenko, A. G. 2002. Türkiye karincalarinin (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) altfamilya ve cins tani anahtarlari. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 26:51-61.
Allred, D. M. 1982. Ants of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 42:415-511.
Andersen, A. N. 2000. The ants of northern Australia. A guide to the monsoonal fauna. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, v + 106 pp.
André, Ern. 1874b. Description des fourmis d'Europe pour servir à l'étude des insectes myrmécophiles. [part]. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée (3)2:161-192.
André, Ern. 1881c. Catalogue raisonné des Formicides provenant du voyage en Orient de M. Abeille de Perrin et description des espèces nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (6)1:53-78. PDF
André, Ern. 1882a. Les fourmis. [part]. Pp. 49-80 in: André, Edm. 1882. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp. PDF
André, Ern. 1882d. Les fourmis [part]. Pp. 233-280 in: André, Edm. 1882. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp. PDF
Arakelian, G. R. 1994. Fauna of the Republic of Armenia. Hymenopterous insects. Ants (Formicidae). [In Russian.]. Erevan: Gitutium, 153 pp. PDF
Arnol'di, K. V.; Dlussky, G. M. 1978. Superfam. Formicoidea. 1. Fam. Formicidae - ants. [In Russian.]. Pp. 519-556 in: Medvedev, G. S. (ed.) 1978. Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Vol. 3. Hymenoptera. Part 1. [In Russian.]. Opredeliteli Faune SSSR 119:3-584.
Arnold, G. 1916. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part II. Ponerinae, Dorylinae. Annals of the South African Museum 14:159-270. PDF
Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Canadian Entomologist 37:381-384. PDF
Baccaro, F. B.; Feitosa, R. M.; Fernández, F.; Fernandes, I. O.; Izzo, T. J.; de Souza, J. L. P.; Solar, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Manaus: Editora INPA, 388 pp. 10.5281/zenodo.32912 PDF
Baroni Urbani, C. 1984 ("1983"). Clave para la determinación de los géneros de hormigas neotropicales. Graellsia 39:73-82. PDF
Baroni Urbani, C. 2000. Rediscovery of the Baltic amber ant genus Prionomyrmex (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and its taxonomic consequences. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 93:471-480. PDF
Baroni Urbani, C.; Bolton, B.; Ward, P. S. 1992. The internal phylogeny of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 17:301-329. PDF
Bernard, F. 1951c. Hyménoptères, super-famille des Formicoidea Ashmead 1905. Pp. 997-1104 in: Grassé, P. P. (ed.) 1951. Traité de Zoologie. Tome X. Fasc. II. Paris: Masson et Cie, pp. 976-1948.
Bernard, F. 1953b ("1952"). La réserve naturelle intégrale du Mt Nimba. XI. Hyménoptères Formicidae. Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 19:165-270. PDF
Bernard, F. 1967a ("1968"). Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. 3. Les fourmis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Paris: Masson, 411 pp. PDF
Billen, J. P. J. 1986b. Comparative morphology and ultrastructure of the Dufour gland in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologia Generalis 11:165-181.
Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. PDF
Boer, P. 2010. Mieren van de Benelux. ′s-Graveland, Netherlands: Stichting Jeugdbondsuitgeverij, 183 pp.
Bolton, B. 1973a. The ant genera of West Africa: a synonymic synopsis with keys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 27:317-368. PDF
Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp.
Bolton, B. 1995a. A taxonomic and zoogeographical census of the extant ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History 29:1037-1056. PDF
Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp.
Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. PDF
Bolton, B.; Collingwood, C. A. 1975. Handbooks for the identification of British Insects. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects 6(3(c)):1-34.
Bolton, B.; Fisher, B. L. 2014. The Madagascan endemic myrmicine ants related to Eutetramorium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): taxonomy of the genera Eutetramorium Emery, Malagidris nom. n., Myrmisaraka gen. n., Royidris gen. n., and Vitsika gen. n. Zootaxa 3791 (1):1-99. PDF
Bondroit, J. 1910 ("1909"). Les fourmis de Belgique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 53:479-500. PDF
Bondroit, J. 1918. Les fourmis de France et de Belgique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 87:1-174. PDF
Boudinot, B. E. 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages. European Journal of Taxonomy 120:1-62. PDF
Brady, S. G.; Schultz, T. R.; Fisher, B. L.; Ward, P. S. 2006. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:18172-18177. PDF
Brown, W. L., Jr. 1954e. Remarks on the internal phylogeny and subfamily classification of the family Formicidae. Insectes Sociaux 1:21-31. PDF
Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J.; Ayensu, E. S.; Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) 1973. Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. PDF
Brown, W. L., Jr.; Nutting, W. L. 1950. Wing venation and the phylogeny of the Formicidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 75:113-132. PDF
Buren, W. F. 1944a. A list of Iowa ants. Iowa State College Journal of Science 18:277-312. PDF
Caetano, F. H. 1984. Morfologia comparado do trato digestivo de formigas da subfamília Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 35:257-305.
Clark, J. 1951. The Formicidae of Australia. Vol. 1. Subfamily Myrmeciinae. Melbourne: CSIRO, 230 pp. PDF
Clouse, R. M. 2007b. The ants of Micronesia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Micronesica 39:171-295. PDF
Cole, A. C., Jr. 1942. The ants of Utah. American Midland Naturalist 28:358-388. PDF
Collingwood, C. A. 1964b. The identification and distribution of British ants. 1. A revised key to the species found in Britain. Transactions of the Society for British Entomology 16:93-114, 121. PDF
Collingwood, C. A. 1978. A provisional list of Iberian Formicidae with a key to the worker caste (Hym. Aculeata). EOS. Revista Española de Entomología 52:65-95. PDF
Collingwood, C. A. 1979. The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 8:1-174. PDF
Collingwood, C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7:230-302. PDF
Collingwood, C. A.; Agosti, D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15:300-385. PDF
Collingwood, C.; Prince, A. 1998. A guide to ants of continental Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia. Suplemento 5:1-49.
Creighton, W. S. 1950a. The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 104:1-585. PDF
Cresson, E. T. Sr. 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Suppl. Vol. 1887:1-351. PDF
Czechowski, W.; Radchenko, A.; Czechowska, W. 2002. The ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Poland. Warsaw: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 200 pp. PDF
Dalla Torre, K. W. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. PDF
Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. [In Russian.]. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) 1988. Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. [In Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp.
Dlussky, G. M.; Perfilieva, K. S. 2014. Superfamily Formicoidea Latreille, 1802. Pp. 410-438 in: Antropov, A. V.; Belokobylskij, S. A.; Compton, S. G.; Dlussky, G. M.; Khalaim, A. I.; Kolyada, V. A.; Kozlov, M. A.; Perfilieva, K. S.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2014. The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida=Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 104 (3-4):335-446. PDF
Dlussky, G. M.; Rasnitsyn, A. P. 2003 ("2002"). Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Formation Green River and some other Middle Eocene deposits of North America. Russian Entomological Journal 11:411-436. PDF
Donisthorpe, H. 1915f. British ants, their life-history and classification. Plymouth: Brendon & Son Ltd., xv + 379 pp. PDF
Donisthorpe, H. 1927c. British ants, their life history and classification (2nd edn.). London: G. Routledge and Sons, xvi + 436 pp.
Eisner, T. 1957. A comparative morphological study of the proventriculus of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 116:439-490. PDF
Emery, C. 1877b. Saggio di un ordinamento naturale dei Mirmicidei, e considerazioni sulla filogenesi delle formiche. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 9:67-83. PDF
Emery, C. 1894h. [Untitled.]. Pp. 373-401 in: von Jhering, H. 1894. Die ameisen von Rio Grande do Sul. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 39:321-447. PDF
Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8:685-778. PDF
Emery, C. 1896e. Clef analytique des genres de la famille des Formicides, pour la détermination des neutres. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 40:172-189. PDF
Emery, C. 1912b. Études sur les Myrmicinae. [I-IV.]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 56:94-105. PDF
Emery, C. 1914e. Intorno alla classificazione dei Myrmicinae. Rendiconti delle Sessioni della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna. Classe di Scienze Fisiche (n.s.)18:29-42. PDF
Emery, C. 1916a ("1915"). Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera.-Formicidae. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 47:79-275. PDF
Emery, C. 1921c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174A:1-94 + 7 plates. PDF
Emery, C.; Forel, A. 1879. Catalogue des Formicides d'Europe. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 5:441-481. PDF
Escherich, K. 1917. Die Ameise, Schilderung ihrer Lebensweise. Zweite verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, xvi + 348 pp.
Fernández, F.; Serna, F. J. 2019. Subfamilia Myrmicinae. Capítulo 27. Pp. 791-888 in: Fernández, F.; Guerrero, R. J.; Delsinne, T. (eds.) 2019d. Hormigas de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1198 pp. PDF
Fisher, B. L.; Bolton, B. 2016. Ants of the world. Ants of Africa and Madagascar. A guide to the genera. Berkeley: University of California Press, ix + 503 pp.
Forel, A. 1870. Notices myrmécologiques. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 3:306-312. PDF
Forel, A. 1874. Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systématique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution géographique, nouvelles expériences et observations de moeurs. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26:1-452. PDF
Forel, A. 1878c. Études myrmécologiques en 1878 (première partie) avec l'anatomie du gésier des fourmis. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 15:337-392. PDF
Forel, A. 1891c. Les Formicides. [part]. In: Grandidier, A. 1891. Histoire physique, naturelle, et politique de Madagascar. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hyménoptères. Deuxième partie (28e fascicule). Paris: Hachette et Cie, v + 237 pp. PDF
Forel, A. 1892k. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part I. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 7:219-245. PDF
Forel, A. 1893b. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 37:161-167. PDF
Forel, A. 1899d. Formicidae. [part]. Biologia Centrali-Americana Hym. 3:25-56. PDF
Forel, A. 1902g. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part IX. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 14:520-546. PDF
Forel, A. 1915d. Fauna insectorum helvetiae. Hymenoptera. Formicidae. Die Ameisen der Schweiz. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 12(Beilage):1-77.
Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 51:229-253. PDF
Forel, A. 1921c. Le monde social des fourmis comparé à celui de l'homme. Tome 1. Genèse, formes, anatomie, classification. géographie, fossiles. Genève: Librairie Kundig, xiv + 192 pp.
Gallardo, A. 1915. Observaciones sobre algunas hormigas de la República Argentina. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 27:1-35. PDF
Gallardo, A. 1932c. Las hormigas de la República Argentina. Subfamilia Mirmicinas, segunda sección Eumyrmicinae, tribu Myrmicini (F. Smith), género Pogonomyrmex Mayr. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 37:89-170. PDF
General, D. E. M.; Alpert, G. D. 2012. A synoptic review of the ant genera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the Philippines. ZooKeys 200:1-111. PDF
Gösswald, K. 1985. Organisation und Leben der Ameisen. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 355 pp.
Gotwald, W. H., Jr. 1969b. Comparative morphological studies of the ants, with particular reference to the mouthparts (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station 408:1-150. PDF
Greenslade, P. J. M. 1979. A guide to ants of South Australia. Adelaide: South Australian Museum (Special Educational Bulletin Series), 44 pp.
Gregg, R. E. 1963. The ants of Colorado, with reference to their ecology, taxonomy, and geographic distribution. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, xvi + 792 pp.
Handlirsch, A. 1907. Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch für Paläontologen und Zoologen. Lieferung 6. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pp. 801-960.
Hashimoto, Y. 1990. Unique features of sensilla on the antennae of Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Applied Entomology and Zoology 25:491-501. PDF
Hashimoto, Y. 1996. Skeletomuscular modifications associated with the formation of an additional petiole on the anterior abdominal segments in aculeate Hymenoptera. Japanese Journal of Entomology 64:340-356. PDF
Heterick, B. E. 2009. A guide to the ants of south-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 76:1-206. PDF
Holgersen, H. 1943c. Bestemmelsestabell over norske maur (Hym., Formicidae). Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift 6:164-182. PDF
Holgersen, H. 1944a. The ants of Norway (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Nytt Magasin for Naturvidenskapene 84:165-203. PDF
Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp.
Jessen, K. 2020. New fossil ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Upper Oligocene of Enspel (Westerwald Mountains, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 100:1007-1045. 10.1007/s12549-019-00406-2 PDF
Karavaiev, V. 1927d. The ant fauna of Ukraine. [In Ukrainian.]. Zbirnyk Prats' Zoolohichnoho Muzeyu 2:1-52 [= Trudy. Ukrains'ka Akademiya Nauk. Fizichno-Matematichnoho Viddilu 4:247-296].
Karavaiev, V. 1934. The fauna of the family Formicidae (ants) of the Ukraine. [In Ukrainian.]. Trudy Instytutu Zoolohii ta Biolohii Vseukrains'koi Akademii Nauk. Seriya 1. Pratsi z Systematyky ta Faunistyky 1934:1-164.
Keller, R. A. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 355:1-90. PDF
Kempf, W. W. 1972b. Catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical. Studia Entomologica 15:3-344. PDF
Kratochvíl, J. 1941b. [Untitled. New subgenera of Tetramorium, and a new subspecies, Tetramorium ferox silhavyi, attributed to Kratochvíl.]. P. 84 in: Novák, V.; Sadil, J. 1941. Klíc k urcování mravencu strední Evropy se zvlástním zretelem k mravencí zvírene Cech a Moravy. Entomologické Listy 4:65-115. PDF
Kugler, C. 1978a. A comparative study of the myrmicine sting apparatus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 20:413-548.
Kugler, C. 1978b. Pygidial glands in the myrmicine ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux 25:267-274. PDF
Kugler, C. 1979c. Evolution of the sting apparatus in the myrmicine ants. Evolution 33:117-130. PDF
Kupyanskaya, A. N. 1990a. Ants of the Far Eastern USSR. [In Russian.]. Vladivostok: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 258 pp.
Kupyanskaya, A. N. 1995. Formicidae - Murav'i. Pp. 325-368 in: Ler, P. A. 1995. Opredelitel' Nasekomykh Dal'nego Vostoka Rossii 4. Setchatokyrloobraznye, Skorpionnitsy, Pereponchatokrylye, chast 1. St. Petersburg: Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, 604 pp.
Kusnezov, N. 1956a. Claves para la identificación de las hormigas de la fauna argentina. Idia 104-105:1-56. PDF
Kutter, H. 1920b. "Gehe hin zur Ameise!" Anleitung zur selbständigen Ameisenforschung. Naturwissenschaftliche Beobachtungsbücher 1-2:164 pp.
Kutter, H. 1977c. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. Insecta Helvetica. Fauna 6:1-298.
Lameere, A. 1892. Note sur les fourmis de la Belgique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 36:61-69.
Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, A. 1835 ("1836"). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hyménoptères. Tome I. Paris: Roret, 547 pp. PDF
Mackay, W.; Mackay, E. 2002. The ants of New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 400 pp. PDF
Mayr, G. 1855. Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien 5:273-478. PDF
Mayr, G. 1861. Die europäischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Wien: C. Gerolds Sohn, 80 pp. PDF
Mayr, G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12:649-776. PDF
Mayr, G. 1865. Formicidae. In: Novara Expedition 1865. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. II. Abt. 1. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn, 119 pp. PDF
Mayr, G. 1867a. Adnotationes in monographiam formicidarum Indo-Neerlandicarum. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 10:33-117. PDF
Mayr, G. 1868b. Formicidae novae Americanae collectae a Prof. P. de Strobel. Annuario della Società dei Naturalisti e Matematici, Modena 3:161-178. PDF
Mayr, G. 1868c. Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beiträge zur Naturkunde Preussens 1:1-102. PDF
Menozzi, C. 1933b. Le formiche della Palestina. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 12:49-113. PDF
Menozzi, C.; Russo, G. 1930. Contributo alla conoscenza della mirmecofauna della Repubblica Dominicana (Antille). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria della Reale Scuola Superiore d'Agricoltura. Portici 24:148-173. PDF
Moreau, C. S.; Bell, C. D.; Vila, R.; Archibald, S. B.; Pierce, N. E. 2006. Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms. Science (Washington, D. C.) 312:101-104. PDF
Morisita, M.; Kubota, M.; Onoyama, K.; Ogata, K.; Terayama, M.; Yamauchi, K.; Sonobe, R.; Yamane, S.; Kondoh, M.; Imai, H. T. 1992. A guide for the identification of Japanese ants. III. Myrmicinae and supplement to Leptanillinae. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [In Japanese.]. Tokyo: Myrmecological Society of Japan, 94 pp.
Nasonov, N. V. 1889. Contribution to the natural history of the ants primarily of Russia. 1. Contribution to the ant fauna of Russia. [In Russian.]. Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya Antropologii i Etnografii pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom Universitete 58:1-78.
Nilsson, O.; Douwes, P. 1987. Norrländska myror med bestämningstabell till arbetarna. Natur i Norr 6:49-90.
Novák, V.; Sadil, J. 1941. Klíc k urcování mravencu strední Evropy se zvlástním zretelem k mravencí zvírene Cech a Moravy. Entomologické Listy 4:65-115. PDF
Nylander, W. 1846a. Adnotationes in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 2:875-944. PDF
Ogata, K. 1991b. A generic synopsis of the poneroid complex of the family Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Part II. Subfamily Myrmicinae. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture Kyushu University 14:61-149. PDF
Provancher, L. 1887. Fam. X. - Les Formicides. [combined parts]. Pp. 224-249 in: Provancher, L. 1887. 1885-1889. Additions et corrections au Volume II de la Faune entomologique du Canada, traitant des Hyménoptères. Québec: C. Darveau, 477 pp.
Ruzsky, M. 1905b. The ants of Russia. (Formicariae Imperii Rossici). Systematics, geography and data on the biology of Russian ants. Part I. [In Russian.]. Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitete 38(4-6):1-800.
Saunders, E. 1896. The Hymenoptera Aculeata of the British islands. A descriptive account of the families, genera, and species indigenous to Great Britain and Ireland, with notes as to habits, localities, habitats, etc. London: L. Reeve & Co., 391 pp. PDF
Schembri, S. P.; Collingwood, C. A. 1981. A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria" 83:417-442. PDF
Seifert, B. 1996b. Ameisen beobachten, bestimmen. Augsburg: Naturbuch Verlag, 351 pp.
Seifert, B. 2007. Die Ameisen Mittel- und Nordeuropas. Tauer: lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, 368 pp.
Shattuck, S. O. 1999. Australian ants. Their biology and identification. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, xi + 226 pp.
Skinner, G. J.; Allen, G. W. 1996. Ants. Naturalists' Handbook 24. Slough: Richmond Publishing Co., ii + 83 pp.
Smith, F. 1851. List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Hymenoptera, Aculeata. London: British Museum, 134 pp. PDF
Smith, F. 1857a. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. [part]. Journal and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 2:42-88. PDF
Smith, F. 1858a. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. PDF
Smith, F. 1861b. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the islands of Ceram, Celebes, Ternate, and Gilolo. [part]. Journal and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 6:36-48. PDF
Smith, F. 1862b. Descriptions of new species of aculeate Hymenoptera, collected at Panama by R. W. Stretch, Esq., with a list of described species, and the various localities where they have previously occurred. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3)1:29-44. PDF
Smith, F. 1871b. A catalogue of the aculeate Hymenoptera and Ichneumonidae of India and the Eastern Archipelago. [concl.]. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 11:349-415. PDF
Snelling, R. R. 1981. Systematics of social Hymenoptera. Pp. 369-453 in: Hermann, H. R. (ed.) 1981. Social insects. Volume 2. New York: Academic Press, xiii + 491 pp.
Snelling, R. R.; Hunt, J. H. 1976 ("1975"). The ants of Chile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Chilena de Entomología 9:63-129. PDF
Soudek, S. 1922b. Mravenci. Soustava, zemepisné rozsírení, oekologie a urcovací klíc mravencu zijících na území Ceskoslovenské republiky. Praha: Ceskoslovenská Spolecnost Entomologická, 100 pp. PDF
Stitz, H. 1914. Die Ameisen (Formicidae) Mitteleuropas, insbesondere Deutschlands. Pp. 1-111 in: Schröder, C. (ed.) 1914. Die Insekten Mitteleuropas insbesondere Deutschlands. Band II, Hymenopteren, 2. Teil. Stuttgart: Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, 256 pp. PDF
Stitz, H. 1939. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meersteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise. 37. Theil. Hautflüger oder Hymenoptera. I: Ameisen oder Formicidae. Jena: G. Fischer, 428 pp.
Tarbinsky, Y. S. 1976. The ants of Kirghizia. [In Russian.]. Frunze: Ilim, 217 pp. PDF
Terayama, M. 2009. A synopsis of the family Formicidae of Taiwan (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Research Bulletin of Kanto Gakuen University. Liberal Arts 17:81-266. PDF
Verhaeghe, J. C.; Deligne, J.; De Vos, L.; Quinet, W. 1984. Les Cahiers du Viroin, 2. Les fourmis de nos régions. Introduction à la biologie sociale des fourmis. Triegnes: Editions D.I.R.E., Centre Paul Brien, 152 pp.
Ward, P. S. 2007c. Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 1668:549-563. PDF
Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G.; Fisher, B. L.; Schultz, T. R. 2015. The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 40:61-81. 10.1111/syen.12090 PDF
Wasmann, E. 1906. Zur Kenntniss der Ameisen und Ameisengäste von Luxemburg. Archives. Institut Grand-Ducal de Luxembourg (n.s.)1(1/2):104-124. PDF
Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1972a. The subfamilies of Formicidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 74:35-45. PDF
Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1976b. Ant larvae: review and synthesis. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 7:1-108. PDF
Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1985b. A simplified conspectus of the Formicidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 111:255-264. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1915h. Hymenoptera. [In "Scientific notes on an expedition into the north-western regions of South Australia".]. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 39:805-823. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1915i ("1914"). The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg 55:1-142. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1920. The subfamilies of Formicidae, and other taxonomic notes. Psyche (Cambridge) 27:46-55. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139.
Wilson, E. O.; Taylor, R. W. 1967b. The ants of Polynesia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pacific Insects Monograph 14:1-109. PDF
Wu, J.; Wang, C. 1995a. The ants of China. [In Chinese.]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, x + 214 pp.
Yoshimura, M.; Onoyama, K. 2002b. Male-based keys to the subfamilies and genera of Japanese ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomological Science 5:421-443. PDF
Zhou, S. 2001a. Ants of Guangxi. [In Chinese.]. Guilin, China: Guangxi Normal University Press, 255 pp. PDF

Extant: 6 valid tribes, 147 valid genera, 7,090 valid species

Fossil: 40 valid genera, 188 valid species

More statistics

AntWeb AntWiki Google Scholar