Crematogaster - AntCat

An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World by Barry Bolton

Catalog › Formicidae › Myrmicinae › Crematogastrini › Crematogaster

Crematogaster Lund, 1831 valid feminine

Crematogaster Lund, 1831a: 132 Type-species: Formica scutellaris (obsolete combination of Crematogaster scutellaris), by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 124.

[Crematogaster also noted as new in Lund, 1831b: 104.]
[Type-species not Formica acuta Fabricius, 1804, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1912d: 272; this error repeated in, for example, Emery, 1914b: 39; Emery, 1919b: 61; Arnold, 1920a: 482; Emery, 1922c: 128; Gallardo, 1934b: 4; Soulié, 1965: 78; Arakelian, 1994: 43.]
[Note: discussion of type designation: Wheeler, 1913a: 78; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 36.]
Crematogaster in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, 1858a: 134.
Crematogaster in Myrmicidae: Smith, 1871a: 329; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 468 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, 1857a: 75 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 74 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Dours, 1873: 169 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1874: 68 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 79 [Myrmicinae].
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877b: 81 [Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae].
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini: Forel, 1893b: 164; Forel, 1895b: 130; Emery, 1895l: 769; Emery, 1896e: 180; Forel, 1899b: 81; Ashmead, 1905c: 383; Wheeler, 1910a: 140; Emery, 1914e: 41; Emery, 1916a: 156; Forel, 1917: 242; Arnold, 1920a: 482; Emery, 1922c: 127; Wheeler, 1922: 661; subsequent authors; Bolton, 1995b: 25; Bolton, 2003: 66, 238; Ward et al., 2015: 77.
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini, Crematogaster genus group: Blaimer et al., 2018: 7.
Crematogaster as genus: all authors.
Crematogaster as senior synonym of Acrocoelia: Smith, 1858a: 135; Mayr, 1863a: 404; Roger, 1863b: 36; Mayr, 1872: 153; Dours, 1873: 169; Emery & Forel, 1879: 464; Forel, 1891c: 179; Dalla Torre, 1893: 79; Forel, 1899b: 81; Wheeler, 1911g: 158; Wheeler, 1922: 828; Buren, 1959: 126; Kempf, 1972b: 81; Bolton, 1973a: 342; Brown, 1973b: 178; Smith, 1979: 1376; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13; Ogata, 1991b: 124; Bolton, 1995b: 19; Tang et al., 1995: 64; Bolton, 2003: 238; Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Atopogyne: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Colobocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Decacrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Nematocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Oxygyne: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Paracrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Physocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Sphaerocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Xiphocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
[Cremastogaster: incorrect subsequent spelling by Mayr, 1861: 74; Mayr, 1863a: 403; Roger, 1863b: 36; and many later authors.]
[Note (i): throughout this catalogue the original spelling Crematogaster is used, the incorrect subsequent spelling Cremastogaster is ignored. Discussions of spelling: Emery, 1912d: 272 (footnote); Wheeler, 1913a: 78; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 36; Buren, 1959: 125. The incorrect spelling is extremely common earlier, but persists as late as Baroni Urbani, 1974a: 233; Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 430; Le Moli & Rosi, 1991: 30.]
[Note (ii): all subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Crematogaster by Brown, 1973b: 179-185. The list was repeated by Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13, with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms. They reverted to subgeneric status in Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 1995b: 25. Subsequent modifications and revisions are recorded in Blaimer, 2012c: 52.]
[Note (iii): the spurious paper by Soulié & Dicko, 1965: 85, is ignored. This publication merely repeats, inaccurately, the Wheeler, 1922: 828 catalogue of Afrotopical Crematogaster, but treats the subgenera as genera; see catalogue of genus-group names.]

Junior synonyms

Nematocrema Santschi, 1918
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Nematocrema)
Oxygyne Forel, 1901
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Oxygyne)
Paracrema Santschi, 1918
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Paracrema)
Physocrema Forel, 1912
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Physocrema)
Sphaerocrema Santschi, 1918
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Sphaerocrema)
Xiphocrema Forel, 1913
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Xiphocrema)

Subgenera

Crematogaster (Crematogaster) Lund, 1831
Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi, 1918

Genus Crematogaster catalogues

Genus Crematogaster references

Mayr, 1855: 468 (diagnosis); Smith, 1858a: 135 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 74 (diagnosis, Europe species key); Mayr, 1865: 22 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 103 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 989 (New World species key); Mayr, 1876: 107 (Australia species key); Mayr, 1879: 680 (Asia species key); André, 1883b: 391 (Europe & Algeria species key); Nasonov, 1889: 76 (Russia species key); Forel, 1892l: 528 (Madagascar Crematogaster emmae species group key); Mayr, 1895: 135 (Africa species key); Forel, 1901j: 334 (subgeneric classification); Forel, 1903a: 679 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 124 (diagnosis, India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 486 (Russian Empire species key); Wheeler, 1910a: 140 (diagnosis); Forel, 1910a: 6 (subgeneric classification); Forel, 1911f: 331 (subgeneric classification); Forel, 1912g: 211 (subgeneric classification); Emery, 1912e: 651 (Palaearctic species key); Forel, 1913l: 1 (subgeneric classification); Santschi, 1913a: 411 (Crematogaster tricolor group, key); Emery, 1914e: 37 (tribe diagnosis (in key)); Emery, 1916a: 156 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 112 (France & Belgium species key); Santschi, 1918d: 183 (subgenera key); Mann, 1919: 323 (Solomon Is species key); Arnold, 1920a: 482, 486 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1922c: 127 (Crematogaster diagnosis, subgenera key); Emery, 1922c: 130, 137, 137, 138, 139, 140, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157 (Crematogaster (Orthocrema), Crematogaster (Crematogaster), Crematogaster (Decacrema), Crematogaster (Xiphocrema), Crematogaster (Physocrema), Crematogaster (Acrocoelia), Crematogaster (Sphaerocrema), Crematogaster (Atopogyne), Crematogaster (Paracrema), Crematogaster (Oxygyne), Crematogaster (Nematocrema) diagnoses); Wheeler, 1922: 150, 661 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Santschi, 1928b: 31 (subgeneric classification); Menozzi, 1930b: 106 (Somalia species key); Santschi, 1930c: 263 (Japan species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 61 (Israel species key); Gallardo, 1934b: 4, 54 (Argentina Crematogaster (Orthocrema), Crematogaster (Neocrema) species keys); Menozzi, 1935a: 112 (Malayo-Papuasian Crematogaster (Orthocrema) species key); Finzi, 1936: 175 (Egypt species key); Santschi, 1937e: 311 (Palaearctic species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 300 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Donisthorpe, 1941o: 226 (Crematogaster (Physocrema) species key); Cole, 1942: 363 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 288 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1945: 114 (Crematogaster (Rhachiocrema) species key); Enzmann, 1946c: 94 (U.S.A., Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 203 (Nearctic species key); Buren, 1959: 91 (Nearctic species revision, key); Fromantin & Soulié, 1961: 92 (subgenera key); Gregg, 1963: 356 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Soulié, 1965: 77 (genera key); Bernard, 1967a: 159 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Buren, 1968b: 91 (U.S.A. species key); Delage-Darchen, 1973: 221 (venation); Brown, 1973b: 161 (subgeneric classification critique); Alayo, 1974: 13 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 75 (Kyrgyzstan species key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b: 54 (larvae, review & synthesis); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g: 47 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (Balkans species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 81 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Allred, 1982: 439 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Collingwood, 1985: 259 (Saudi Arabia species key); Johnson, 1988: 330 (Eastern U.S.A. species key); Dlussky et al., 1990: 242 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 128 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 338 (Neotropical catalogue); Ogata, 1991b: 124 (diagnosis, Japan); Morisita et al., 1992: 59 (Japan species key); Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 181 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 43 (Armenia species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 346 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Wu & Wang, 1995a: 62 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 328 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 115 (Central Europe species key); Onoyama, 1998: 228 (Japan species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 15 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 132 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001a: 73 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 71 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Longino, 2003a: 25 (Costa Rica species key); Bolton, 2003: 66, 237 (diagnosis, synopsis); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Cagniant, 2005: 8 (Morocco species key); Seifert, 2007: 115 (North and Central Europe species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2008: 1 (Indochinese Physocrema revision, species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009a: 17 (Crematogaster (Physocrema) all species revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 177 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 146 (south-western Australia species key); Blaimer, 2010: 7, 14 (Madagascar subgenera and Crematogaster (Decacrema) species keys); Eguchi et al., 2011: 14 (diagnosis, Vietnam synopsis); Karaman, 2011a: 14 (Southern Europe species key); Blaimer, 2012a: 249 (Madagascar Crematogaster (Oxygyne) species key); Blaimer, 2012b: 34 (Madagascar Crematogaster (Orthocrema) species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2012: 20 (Crematogaster brevis complex key); Blaimer, 2012c: 52 (revision of subgenera); Blaimer, 2012d: 421 (phylogeny); Blaimer & Fisher, 2013a: 8 (Crematogaster kelleri group key); Blaimer & Fisher, 2013b: 11 (Malagasy subgenera and species group key, Crematogaster degeeri complex key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2014: 61 (Crematogaster fraxatrix group species key); Hosoishi, 2015: 68 (Crematogaster ranavalonae group, Asia species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2015a: 7 (Crematogaster popohana group key); Salata & Borowiec, 2015a: 75 (northeast Mediterranean species key); Baccaro et al., 2015: 274 (genus in Brazil); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016a: 567 (Asian Crematogaster (Orthocrema) species key); Feldhaar et al., 2016: 656 (Crematogaster borneensis group key); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 249 (diagnosis); Cantone, 2017: 195 (brief male diagnosis); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2017: 6 (Crematogaster khmerensis group revision, key); Morgan & Mackay, 2017: 24 (North America species key); Fernández & Serna, 2019: 822 (Colombia); Pedraza & Fernández, 2019: 891 (Colombia species key); Sharaf et al., 2019: 31 (Arabia species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2019: 6 (Crematogaster rothneyi group species key); Hosoishi, 2020: 760 (Crematogaster ransonneti group key); Heterick, 2021: 166 (Western Australia species key); Ward & Blaimer, 2022: 897 (evolutionary history, biogeography of Crematogaster scutellaris group), 903 (North America species key), 930 (notes on and location of Crematogaster scutellaris group type specimens); Sharaf & Aldawood, 2022: 939 (modified Sharaf et al., 2019: 31, Arabia species key); Akbar et al., 2023: 13 (key to India species (workers)); Hosoishi et al., 2023: 901 (phylogeny, biogeography of Crematogaster inflata-group in South-East Asia), 910 (Crematogaster inflata-group worker diagnosis); Mohseni & Mikheyev, 2023: 489 (Iran species synoptic list, key); Salata et al., 2024: 107 (Greece species synoptic list, key); Dhadwal & Bharti, 2024: 22 (India species key); Harshana & Dey, 2024: 1 (distribution records in India); Ramamonjisoa et al., 2024: 333 (Malagasy region male diagnosis); Sharaf et al., 2024: 711 (Yemen species synoptic list, Arabian species key modifications); Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 134 (diagnosis, key to Greece species); Sharaf et al., 2025: 1425 (Arabian Crematogaster diagnosis), 1426 (Oman synoptic list), 1428 (modified Sharaf et al., 2019: 31, Arabia species key).

Citations

Agosti, D.; Collingwood, C. A. 1987b. A provisional list of the Balkan ants (Hym. Formicidae) with a key to the worker caste. II. Key to the worker caste, including the European species without the Iberian. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 60:261-293. PDF
Akbar, S. A.; Bharti, H.; Wachkoo, A. A. 2023. Crematogaster bonnieae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), a new acrobat-ant species from the Western Ghats, India. Annales Zoologici Fennici 60 (1):9-17. [online early] 10.5735/086.060.0103 PDF
Alayo, P. 1974. Introducción al estudio de los Himenópteros de Cuba. Superfamilia Formicoidea. Serie Biológica. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba 53:1-58. PDF
Allred, D. M. 1982. Ants of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 42:415-511.
André, Ern. 1883b. Les fourmis. [concl.]. Pp. 345-404 in: André, Edm. 1883. 1881-1886. Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie. Tome Deuxième. Beaune: Edmond André, 919 + 48 pp.
Arakelian, G. R. 1994. Fauna of the Republic of Armenia. Hymenopterous insects. Ants (Formicidae). [In Russian.]. Erevan: Gitutium, 153 pp. PDF
Arnol'di, K. V.; Dlussky, G. M. 1978. Superfam. Formicoidea. 1. Fam. Formicidae - ants. [In Russian.]. Pp. 519-556 in: Medvedev, G. S. (ed.) 1978. Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Vol. 3. Hymenoptera. Part 1. [In Russian.]. Opredeliteli Faune SSSR 119:3-584.
Arnold, G. 1920a. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part IV. Myrmicinae. Annals of the South African Museum 14:403-578. PDF
Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Canadian Entomologist 37:381-384. PDF
Atanassov, N.; Dlussky, G. M. 1992. Fauna of Bulgaria. Hymenoptera, Formicidae. [In Bulgarian.]. Fauna na Bûlgariya 22:1-310.
Baccaro, F. B.; Feitosa, R. M.; Fernández, F.; Fernandes, I. O.; Izzo, T. J.; de Souza, J. L. P.; Solar, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Manaus: Editora INPA, 388 pp. 10.5281/zenodo.32912 PDF
Baroni Urbani, C. 1974a. Studi sulla mirmecofauna d'Italia. XII. Le Isole Pontine. Fragmenta Entomologica 9:225-252. PDF
Bernard, F. 1967a ("1968"). Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen. 3. Les fourmis (Hymenoptera Formicidae) d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Paris: Masson, 411 pp. PDF
Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. PDF
Blaimer, B. B. 2010. Taxonomy and natural history of the Crematogaster (Decacrema)-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar. Zootaxa 2714:1-39. PDF
Blaimer, B. B. 2012a. Untangling complex morphological variation: taxonomic revision of the subgenus Crematogaster (Oxygyne) in Madagascar, with insight into the evolution and biogeography of this enigmatic ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 37:240-260. PDF
Blaimer, B. B. 2012b. Taxonomy and species-groups of the subgenus Crematogaster (Orthocrema) in the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 199:23-70. PDF
Blaimer, B. B. 2012c. A subgeneric revision of Crematogaster and discussion of regional species-groups (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 3482:47-67. PDF
Blaimer, B. B. 2012d. Acrobat ants go global – Origin, evolution and systematics of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 65:421-436. PDF
Blaimer, B. B.; Fisher, B. L. 2013a. How much variation can one ant species hold? Species delimitation in the Crematogaster kelleri-group in Madagascar. PLoS ONE 8 (7):e68082. 10.1371/journal.pone.0068082 PDF
Blaimer, B. B.; Fisher, B. L. 2013b. Taxonomy of the Crematogaster degeeri-species-assemblage in the Malagasy region (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 51:1-64. PDF
Blaimer, B. B.; Ward, P. S.; Schultz, T. R.; Fisher, B. L.; Brady, S. G. 2018. Paleotropical diversification dominates the evolution of the hyperdiverse ant tribe Crematogastrini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 2 (5):1-14. 10.1093/isd/ixy013 PDF
Bolton, B. 1973a. The ant genera of West Africa: a synonymic synopsis with keys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 27:317-368. PDF
Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp.
Bolton, B. 1995a. A taxonomic and zoogeographical census of the extant ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History 29:1037-1056. PDF
Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp.
Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. PDF
Bondroit, J. 1918. Les fourmis de France et de Belgique. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 87:1-174. PDF
Borowiec, L.; Salata, S. 2025a. A monographic review of ants of Greece (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Vol. 2. Review of the subfamily Myrmicinae except the genera Temnothorax and Tetramorium. Part 1: text. Bytom: Natural History Monographs of the Upper Silesian Museum, 1-476. PDF
Boudinot, B. E.; Bock, B. L.; Weingardt, M.; Tröger, D.; Batelka, J.; Li, D.; Richter, A.; Pohl, H.; Moosdorf, O. T. D.; Jandausch, K.; Hammel, J. U.; Beutel, R. G. 2024. Et latet et lucet: Discoveries from the Phyletisches Museum amber and copal collection in Jena, Germany. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 71 (1):111-176. [online early] 10.3897/dez.71.112433 PDF
Brandão, C. R. F. 1991. Adendos ao catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 35:319-412. PDF
Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J.; Ayensu, E. S.; Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) 1973. Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. PDF
Buren, W. F. 1944a. A list of Iowa ants. Iowa State College Journal of Science 18:277-312. PDF
Buren, W. F. 1959 ("1958"). A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 66:119-134. PDF
Buren, W. F. 1968b. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3:91-121. PDF
Cagniant, H. 2005. Les Crematogaster du Maroc (Hym., Formicidae). Clé de détermination et commentaires. Orsis (Organismes i Sistemes) 20:7-12. PDF
Cantone, S. 2017. Winged ants – The male. Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the world. Behavioral ecology of mating flight. São Paulo: Autopubblicato, 318 pp. PDF
Chapman, J. W.; Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monographs of the Institute of Science and Technology. Manila 1:1-327. PDF
Cole, A. C., Jr. 1942. The ants of Utah. American Midland Naturalist 28:358-388. PDF
Collingwood, C. A. 1978. A provisional list of Iberian Formicidae with a key to the worker caste (Hym. Aculeata). EOS. Revista Española de Entomología 52:65-95. PDF
Collingwood, C. A. 1985. Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 7:230-302. PDF
Collingwood, C. A.; Agosti, D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 15:300-385. PDF
Collingwood, C.; Prince, A. 1998. A guide to ants of continental Portugal (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia. Suplemento 5:1-49.
Creighton, W. S. 1945. Observations on the subgenus Rhachiocrema (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with the description of a new species from Borneo. Psyche (Cambridge) 52:109-118. PDF
Creighton, W. S. 1950a. The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 104:1-585. PDF
Cresson, E. T. Sr. 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Suppl. Vol. 1887:1-351. PDF
Dalla Torre, K. W. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. PDF
Delage-Darchen, B. 1973. Evolution de l'aile chez les fourmis Crematogaster (Myrmicinae) d'Afrique. Insectes Sociaux 20:221-242. PDF
Dhadwal, T.; Bharti, H. 2024. Crematogaster gadagkari sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a new species of an acrobat ant from India. Journal of the Entomological Research Society 26 (1):17-25. 10.51963/jers.v26i1.2453 PDF
Dlussky, G. M.; Soyunov, O. S.; Zabelin, S. I. 1990. Ants of Turkmenistan. [In Russian.]. Ashkabad: Ylym Press, 273 pp. PDF
Donisthorpe, H. 1941f. Glanures myrmecologiques. [concl.]. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 53:36-38. PDF
Donisthorpe, H. 1941o. Description of a new species of Crematogaster Lund, subgenus Physocrema Forel, with a list of, and a key to, the known species of the subgenus. Entomologist 74:225-227. PDF
Dours, J. A. 1873. Catalogue synonymique des Hyménoptères de France. Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Nord de la France 3:1-230. PDF
Eguchi, K.; Bui, T. V.; Yamane, S. 2011. Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I — Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmecinae. Zootaxa 2878:1-61. PDF
Emery, C. 1877b. Saggio di un ordinamento naturale dei Mirmicidei, e considerazioni sulla filogenesi delle formiche. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 9:67-83. PDF
Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8:685-778. PDF
Emery, C. 1896e. Clef analytique des genres de la famille des Formicides, pour la détermination des neutres. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 40:172-189. PDF
Emery, C. 1912d. Les espèces-type des genres et sous-genres de la famille des Formicides. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 56:271-273. PDF
Emery, C. 1912e. Beiträge zur Monographie der Formiciden des paläarktischen Faunengebietes. Teil XI. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1912:651-672.
Emery, C. 1914b. Cephalotes et Cryptocerus. Le type du genre Crematogaster. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 58:37-39. PDF
Emery, C. 1914e. Intorno alla classificazione dei Myrmicinae. Rendiconti delle Sessioni della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna. Classe di Scienze Fisiche (n.s.)18:29-42. PDF
Emery, C. 1916a ("1915"). Fauna entomologica italiana. I. Hymenoptera.-Formicidae. Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana 47:79-275. PDF
Emery, C. 1919b. Sur le genre Tranopelta et sur le type du genre Cremastogaster (Hym. Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1919:60-62. PDF
Emery, C. 1922c. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part]. Genera Insectorum 174B:95-206. PDF
Emery, C.; Forel, A. 1879. Catalogue des Formicides d'Europe. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 5:441-481. PDF
Enzmann, J. 1946c. Crematogaster lineolata cerasi, the cherry ant of Asa Fitsch; (with a survey of the American forms of Crematogaster, subgenus Acrocoelia). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 54:89-97. PDF
Feldhaar, H.; Maschwitz, U.; Fiala, B. 2016. Taxonomic revision of the obligate plant-ants of the genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae), associated with Macaranga Thouars (Euphorbiaceae) on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. Sociobiology 63 (1):651-681. 10.13102/sociobiology.v63i1.949 PDF
Fernández, F.; Serna, F. J. 2019. Subfamilia Myrmicinae. Capítulo 27. Pp. 791-888 in: Fernández, F.; Guerrero, R. J.; Delsinne, T. (eds.) 2019d. Hormigas de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1198 pp. PDF
Finzi, B. 1936. Risultati scientifici della spedizione di S. A. S. il Principe Alessandro della Torre e Tasso nell'Egitto e peninsola del Sinai. XI. Formiche. Bulletin. Société Entomologique d'Egypte 20:155-210. PDF
Fisher, B. L.; Bolton, B. 2016. Ants of the world. Ants of Africa and Madagascar. A guide to the genera. Berkeley: University of California Press, ix + 503 pp.
Forel, A. 1874. Les fourmis de la Suisse. Systématique, notices anatomiques et physiologiques, architecture, distribution géographique, nouvelles expériences et observations de moeurs. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 26:1-452. PDF
Forel, A. 1891c. Les Formicides. [part]. In: Grandidier, A. 1891. Histoire physique, naturelle, et politique de Madagascar. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hyménoptères. Deuxième partie (28e fascicule). Paris: Hachette et Cie, v + 237 pp. PDF
Forel, A. 1892l. Nouvelles espèces de Formicides de Madagascar (récoltées par M. Sikora). Première série. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 36:516-535. PDF
Forel, A. 1893b. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 37:161-167. PDF
Forel, A. 1895b. A fauna das formigas do Brazil. Boletim do Museu Paraense de Historia Natural e Ethnographia 1:89-139. PDF
Forel, A. 1899b. Formicidae. [part]. Biologia Centrali-Americana Hym. 3:1-24. PDF
Forel, A. 1901j. Variétés myrmécologiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 45:334-382. PDF
Forel, A. 1903a. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part X. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 14:679-715. PDF
Forel, A. 1910a. Glanures myrmécologiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 54:6-32. PDF
Forel, A. 1911f. Fourmis nouvelles ou intéressantes. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 47:331-400. PDF
Forel, A. 1912g. Formicides néotropiques. Part III. 3me sous-famille Myrmicinae (suite). Genres Cremastogaster et Pheidole. Mémoires de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 19:211-237. PDF
Forel, A. 1913l. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise nach Ostindien ausgeführt im Auftrage der Kgl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin von H. v. Buttel-Reepen. II. Ameisen aus Sumatra, Java, Malacca und Ceylon. Gesammelt von Herrn Prof. Dr. v. Buttel-Reepen in den Jahren 1911-1912. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 36:1-148. PDF
Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 51:229-253. PDF
Fromantin, J.; Soulié, J. 1961. Notes systématiques sur le genre Cremastogaster avec description de trois espèces nouvelles du Cambodge (Hymenoptera Formicoidea). Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 96:87-112. PDF
Gallardo, A. 1934b. Las hormigas de la República Argentina. Subfamilia Mirmicinas, segunda sección Eumyrmicinae, tribu Crematogastrini (Forel), género Crematogaster Lund. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 38:1-84. PDF
Gregg, R. E. 1963. The ants of Colorado, with reference to their ecology, taxonomy, and geographic distribution. Boulder: University of Colorado Press, xvi + 792 pp.
Harshana, A.; Dey, D. 2024. New distributional records of ants of genus Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from India. Indian Journal of Entomology e24030:1-6. 10.55446/IJE.2024.2030 PDF
Heterick, B. E. 2009. A guide to the ants of south-western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 76:1-206. PDF
Heterick, B. E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I: Systematics. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 86:245 pp. 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245 PDF
Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp.
Hosoishi, S. 2015. Revision of the Crematogaster ranavalonae-group in Asia, with description of two new species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 42:63-92. PDF
Hosoishi, S. 2020. Taxonomic review of the Crematogaster ransonneti-group in Asia, with description of a new species from Malaysia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68:759-768. 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0087 PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Maruyama, M.; Yamane, S.; Jaitrong, W.; Hashim, R.; Syaukani, S.; Sokh, H.; Itioka, T.; Meleng, P.; Pham, T. H. 2023. Multilocus phylogeny and historical biogeography of the Crematogaster inflata-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South-East Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (3):901-922. [online early] 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad005 PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Ogata, K. 2008. The ant genus Crematogaster Lund, subgenus Physocrema Forel, in the Indochinese Peninsula (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Asian Myrmecology 2:1-10. PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Ogata, K. 2009a. A taxonomic revision of the Asian endemic subgenus Physocrema of the genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 2062:15-36. PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Ogata, K. 2012. Revision of the Crematogaster brevis complex in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 3349:18-30. PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Ogata, K. 2014. Description and DNA barcoding of Crematogaster fraxatrix Forel, 1911 and two new closely related species from Cambodia and Indonesia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 374:57-68. PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Ogata, K. 2015a. Review of the Crematogaster popohana-group with the description of a new species from the Indochinese Peninsula (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Asian Myrmecology 7:11-18. PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Ogata, K. 2016a. Systematics and biogeography of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund subgenus Orthocrema Santschi in Asia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176:547-606. 10.1111/zoj.12330 PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Ogata, K. 2017. Phylogenetic analysis and systematic position of two new species of the ant genus Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Southeast Asia. European Journal of Taxonomy 370:1-17. 10.5852/ejt.2017.370 PDF
Hosoishi, S.; Ogata, K. 2019. Cryptic diversity in the widespread Asian ant Crematogaster rothneyi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) inferred from morphological and genetic evidence. Zoological Studies 58 (11):15 pp. 10.6620/ZS.2019.58-11 PDF
Johnson, C. 1988. Species identification in the eastern Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Entomological Science 23:314-332.
Karaman, M. G. 2011a. New data of the genus Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Crna Gora (Montenegro), Part II: Description of male of Crematogaster auberti savinae Zimmermann, 1934. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi 35 (1):3-18. PDF
Kempf, W. W. 1972b. Catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical. Studia Entomologica 15:3-344. PDF
Kupyanskaya, A. N. 1990a. Ants of the Far Eastern USSR. [In Russian.]. Vladivostok: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 258 pp.
Kupyanskaya, A. N. 1995. Formicidae - Murav'i. Pp. 325-368 in: Ler, P. A. 1995. Opredelitel' Nasekomykh Dal'nego Vostoka Rossii 4. Setchatokyrloobraznye, Skorpionnitsy, Pereponchatokrylye, chast 1. St. Petersburg: Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, 604 pp.
Le Moli, F.; Rosi, M. R. 1991. Ricerche corologiche sulla mirmecofauna dell'Umbria. I. L'Appennino Spoletino. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 132:25-40.
Longino, J. T. 2003a. The Crematogaster (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 151:1-150. PDF
Lund, P. W. 1831a. Lettre sur les habitudes de quelques fourmis du Brésil, adressée à M. Audouin. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 23:113-138. PDF
Lund, P. W. 1831b. Ueber die Lebensweise einiger brasilianischer Ameisen. Notizen aus dem Gebiete der Natur- und Heilkunde 32:97-106.
Mackay, W.; Mackay, E. 2002. The ants of New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 400 pp. PDF
Mann, W. M. 1919. The ants of the British Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 63:273-391. PDF
Mayr, G. 1855. Formicina austriaca. Beschreibung der bisher im österreichischen Kaiserstaate aufgefundenen Ameisen, nebst Hinzufügung jener in Deutschland, in der Schweiz und in Italien vorkommenden Arten. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien 5:273-478. PDF
Mayr, G. 1861. Die europäischen Formiciden. Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet. Wien: C. Gerolds Sohn, 80 pp. PDF
Mayr, G. 1863a. Formicidarum index synonymicus. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13:385-460. PDF
Mayr, G. 1865. Formicidae. In: Novara Expedition 1865. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. II. Abt. 1. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn, 119 pp. PDF
Mayr, G. 1867a. Adnotationes in monographiam formicidarum Indo-Neerlandicarum. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 10:33-117. PDF
Mayr, G. 1870b. Neue Formiciden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 20:939-996. PDF
Mayr, G. 1872. Formicidae Borneenses collectae a J. Doria et O. Beccari in territorio Sarawak annis 1865-1867. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 2:133-155. PDF
Mayr, G. 1876. Die australischen Formiciden. Journal des Museum Godeffroy 12:56-115. PDF
Mayr, G. 1879. Beiträge zur Ameisen-Fauna Asiens. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 28:645-686. PDF
Mayr, G. 1895. Afrikanische Formiciden. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 10:124-154. PDF
Menozzi, C. 1930b. Formiche della Somalia italiana meridionale. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 9:76-130. PDF
Menozzi, C. 1933b. Le formiche della Palestina. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 12:49-113. PDF
Menozzi, C. 1935a. Formiche indo-australiane del genere Crematogaster Lund raccolte da W. Karawaiew. Konowia 14:103-116. PDF
Menozzi, C. 1939a. Formiche dell'Himalaya e del Karakorum raccolte dalla Spedizione italiana comandata da S. A. R. il Duca di Spoleto (1929). Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 78:285-345. PDF
Mohseni, M. R.; Mikheyev, A. S. 2023. A new species of Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Iran with an identification key to Iranian Crematogaster species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 16 (4):484-492. [online early] 10.1016/j.apb.2023.08.005 PDF
Morgan, C. E.; Mackay, W. P. 2017. The North America acrobat ants of the hyperdiverse genus Crematogaster. Balti, Moldova: Lambert Academic Publishing, 532 pp. PDF
Morisita, M.; Kubota, M.; Onoyama, K.; Ogata, K.; Terayama, M.; Yamauchi, K.; Sonobe, R.; Yamane, S.; Kondoh, M.; Imai, H. T. 1992. A guide for the identification of Japanese ants. III. Myrmicinae and supplement to Leptanillinae. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [In Japanese.]. Tokyo: Myrmecological Society of Japan, 94 pp.
Nasonov, N. V. 1889. Contribution to the natural history of the ants primarily of Russia. 1. Contribution to the ant fauna of Russia. [In Russian.]. Izvestiya Imperatorskago Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya Antropologii i Etnografii pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom Universitete 58:1-78.
Ogata, K. 1991b. A generic synopsis of the poneroid complex of the family Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Part II. Subfamily Myrmicinae. Bulletin of the Institute of Tropical Agriculture Kyushu University 14:61-149. PDF
Onoyama, K. 1998. Taxonomic notes on the ant genus Crematogaster in Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomological Science 1:227-232. PDF
Pedraza, L.; Fernández, F. 2019. Género Crematogaster. Capítulo 28. Pp. 889-897 in: Fernández, F.; Guerrero, R. J.; Delsinne, T. (eds.) 2019d. Hormigas de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1198 pp. PDF
Radchenko, A. 2005b. Monographic revision of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of North Korea. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 55:127-221. PDF
Ramamonjisoa, M. M.; Rasoamanana, N.; Fisher, B. L. 2024. Male-based key to the subfamilies and genera of Malagasy ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1213:289-359. [online early] 10.3897/zookeys.1213.120531 PDF
Roger, J. 1863b. Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 7(Beilage):1-65. PDF
Ruzsky, M. 1905b. The ants of Russia. (Formicariae Imperii Rossici). Systematics, geography and data on the biology of Russian ants. Part I. [In Russian.]. Trudy Obshchestva Estestvoispytatelei pri Imperatorskom Kazanskom Universitete 38(4-6):1-800.
Salata, S.; Borowiec, L. 2015a. Redescription of Crematogaster cypria Santschi, 1930, new status, with description of two new related species from Greece and Turkey (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 505:59-77. PDF
Salata, S.; Zięcina, D.; Borowiec, L. 2024. Crematogaster ourea sp. nov. a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Greece. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 74 (1):105-111. 10.3161/00034541ANZ2024.74.1.005 PDF
Santschi, F. 1913a ("1912"). Cremastogaster du groupe tricolor-Menileki (Hym. Formicidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1912:411-414. PDF
Santschi, F. 1918d. Sous-genres et synoymies [sic] de Cremastogaster (Hym. Formic.). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 1918:182-185. PDF
Santschi, F. 1928b. Nouvelles fourmis de Chine et du Turkestan Russe. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 68:31-46. PDF
Santschi, F. 1930c. Trois notes myrmécologiques. Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 70:263-270. PDF
Santschi, F. 1937e. Contribution à l'étude des Crematogaster paléarctiques. Mémoires de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 5:295-317. PDF
Schembri, S. P.; Collingwood, C. A. 1981. A revision of the myrmecofauna of the Maltese Islands (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria" 83:417-442. PDF
Seifert, B. 1996b. Ameisen beobachten, bestimmen. Augsburg: Naturbuch Verlag, 351 pp.
Seifert, B. 2007. Die Ameisen Mittel- und Nordeuropas. Tauer: lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, 368 pp.
Sharaf, M. R.; Aldawood, A. S. 2022. Crematogaster ghoneimi, sp. nov., a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 72 (4):937-942. 10.3161/00034541ANZ2022.72.4.009 PDF
Sharaf, M. R.; Aldawood, A. S.; Hita Garcia, F. 2019. Review of the Arabian Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), synoptic list, distribution, and description of two new species from Oman and Saudi Arabia. ZooKeys 898:27-81. 10.3897/zookeys.898.37531 PDF
Sharaf, M. R.; Polaszek, A.; Al-Ansari, M. S.; AlWahaibi, A. K.; Ghazanfar, S.; Mohamed, A.; Monks, J.; Aldawood, A. S. 2025. Crematogaster dhofarensis, a new ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Oman. Journal of Natural History 59 (17-20):1423-1433. 10.1080/00222933.2025.2486488 PDF
Sharaf, M.R.; Bolton, B.; Nasser, M. G.; Wetterer, J. K.; Aldawood, A. S. 2024. A new species and a new record of the ant genus Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Yemen. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 74 (4):709-716. 10.3161/00034541ANZ2024.74.4.014 PDF
Shattuck, S. O. 1999. Australian ants. Their biology and identification. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, xi + 226 pp.
Smith, D. R. 1979. Superfamily Formicoidea. Pp. 1323-1467 in: Krombein, K. V.; Hurd, P. D.; Smith, D. R.; Burks, B. D. (eds.) 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. i-xvi, 1199-2209.
Smith, F. 1857a. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A. R. Wallace. [part]. Journal and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 2:42-88. PDF
Smith, F. 1858a. Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. London: British Museum, 216 pp. PDF
Smith, F. 1871a. A catalogue of the Aculeate Hymenoptera and Ichneumonidae of India and the Eastern Archipelago. With introductory remarks by A. R. Wallace. [part]. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 11:285-348. PDF
Smith, M. R. 1951c. Family Formicidae. Pp. 778-875 in: Muesebeck, C. F. W.; Krombein, K. V.; Townes, H. K. (eds.) 1951. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph 2:1-1420. PDF
Soulié, J. 1965. Contribution à la systématique des fourmis de la tribu des "Cremastogastrini" (Hymenoptera - Formicoidea - Myrmicidae). Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan. Série Sciences 1:69-83. PDF
Soulié, J.; Dicko, L. D. 1965. La répartition des genres de fourmis de la tribu des "Cremastogastrini" dans la faune éthiopienne et malgache. Hymenoptera - Formicoidea - Myrmicidae. Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan. Série Sciences 1:85-106. PDF
Tang, J.; Li, S.; Huang, E.; Zhang, B.; Chen, Y. 1995. Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 47. Hymenoptera: Formicidae (1). [In Chinese.]. Beijing: Academy of Science Publishing House, ix + 134 pp.
Tarbinsky, Y. S. 1976. The ants of Kirghizia. [In Russian.]. Frunze: Ilim, 217 pp. PDF
Taylor, R. W. 1987a. A checklist of the ants of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Division of Entomology Report 41:1-92. PDF
Taylor, R. W.; Brown, D. R. 1985. Formicoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia 2:1-149, 306-348.
Terayama, M. 2009. A synopsis of the family Formicidae of Taiwan (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Research Bulletin of Kanto Gakuen University. Liberal Arts 17:81-266. PDF
Ward, P. S.; Blaimer, B. B. 2022. Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Formicidae: Hymenoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194:893-937. PDF
Ward, P. S.; Brady, S. G.; Fisher, B. L.; Schultz, T. R. 2015. The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 40:61-81. 10.1111/syen.12090 PDF
Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1976b. Ant larvae: review and synthesis. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 7:1-108. PDF
Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1986g. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, vii + 138 pp. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1911g. A list of the type species of the genera and subgenera of Formicidae. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 21:157-175. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1913a. Corrections and additions to "List of type species of the genera and subgenera of Formicidae". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 23:77-83. PDF
Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139.
Wu, J.; Wang, C. 1995a. The ants of China. [In Chinese.]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, x + 214 pp.
Zhou, S. 2001a. Ants of Guangxi. [In Chinese.]. Guilin, China: Guangxi Normal University Press, 255 pp. PDF

Extant: 526 valid species, 260 valid subspecies

More statistics

AntWeb AntWiki HOL Google Scholar

Formicidae subfamilies Myrmicinae tribes Crematogastrini genera Crematogaster species

show invalid