Crematogaster - AntCat

An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World by Barry Bolton

Catalog › Formicidae › Myrmicinae › Crematogastrini › Crematogaster

Crematogaster Lund, 1831 valid feminine

Crematogaster Lund, 1831a: 132 Type-species: Formica scutellaris (obsolete combination of Crematogaster scutellaris), by subsequent designation of Bingham, 1903: 124.

[Crematogaster also noted as new in Lund, 1831b: 104.]
[Type-species not Formica acuta Fabricius, 1804, unjustified subsequent designation by Emery, 1912d: 272; this error repeated in, for example, Emery, 1914b: 39; Emery, 1919b: 61; Arnold, 1920a: 482; Emery, 1922c: 128; Gallardo, 1934b: 4; Soulié, 1965: 78; Arakelian, 1994: 43.]
[Note: discussion of type designation: Wheeler, 1913a: 78; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 36.]
Crematogaster in Poneridae, Myrmicidae: Smith, 1858a: 134.
Crematogaster in Myrmicidae: Smith, 1871a: 329; Cresson, 1887: 262.
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae: Mayr, 1855: 468 [Myrmicidae]; Smith, 1857a: 75 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1861: 74 [Myrmicidae]; Mayr, 1865: 22 [Myrmicidae]; Dours, 1873: 169 [Myrmicidae]; Forel, 1874: 68 [Myrmicidae]; Emery & Forel, 1879: 464 [Myrmicidae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 79 [Myrmicinae].
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae, Pheidolini: Emery, 1877b: 81 [Myrmicidae, Pheidolidae].
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini: Forel, 1893b: 164; Forel, 1895b: 130; Emery, 1895l: 769; Emery, 1896e: 180; Forel, 1899b: 81; Ashmead, 1905c: 383; Wheeler, 1910a: 140; Emery, 1914e: 41; Emery, 1916a: 156; Forel, 1917: 242; Arnold, 1920a: 482; Emery, 1922c: 127; Wheeler, 1922: 661; subsequent authors; Bolton, 1995b: 25; Bolton, 2003: 66, 238; Ward et al., 2015: 77.
Crematogaster in Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini, Crematogaster genus group: Blaimer et al., 2018: 7.
Crematogaster as genus: all authors.
Crematogaster as senior synonym of Acrocoelia: Smith, 1858a: 135; Mayr, 1863a: 404; Roger, 1863b: 36; Mayr, 1872: 153; Dours, 1873: 169; Emery & Forel, 1879: 464; Forel, 1891c: 179; Dalla Torre, 1893: 79; Forel, 1899b: 81; Wheeler, 1911g: 158; Wheeler, 1922: 828; Buren, 1959: 126; Kempf, 1972b: 81; Bolton, 1973a: 342; Brown, 1973b: 178; Smith, 1979: 1376; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13; Ogata, 1991b: 124; Bolton, 1995b: 19; Tang et al., 1995: 64; Bolton, 2003: 238; Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Atopogyne: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Colobocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Decacrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Nematocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Oxygyne: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Paracrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Physocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Sphaerocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
Crematogaster (Crematogaster) as senior synonym of Xiphocrema: Blaimer, 2012c: 52.
[Cremastogaster: incorrect subsequent spelling by Mayr, 1861: 74; Mayr, 1863a: 403; Roger, 1863b: 36; and many later authors.]
[Note (i): throughout this catalogue the original spelling Crematogaster is used, the incorrect subsequent spelling Cremastogaster is ignored. Discussions of spelling: Emery, 1912d: 272 (footnote); Wheeler, 1913a: 78; Donisthorpe, 1941f: 36; Buren, 1959: 125. The incorrect spelling is extremely common earlier, but persists as late as Baroni Urbani, 1974a: 233; Schembri & Collingwood, 1981: 430; Le Moli & Rosi, 1991: 30.]
[Note (ii): all subgenera were given as provisional junior synonyms of Crematogaster by Brown, 1973b: 179-185. The list was repeated by Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 13, with all subgenera listed as junior synonyms. They reverted to subgeneric status in Bolton, 1994: 50; Bolton, 1995b: 25. Subsequent modifications and revisions are recorded in Blaimer, 2012c: 52.]
[Note (iii): the spurious paper by Soulié & Dicko, 1965: 85, is ignored. This publication merely repeats, inaccurately, the Wheeler, 1922: 828 catalogue of Afrotopical Crematogaster, but treats the subgenera as genera; see catalogue of genus-group names.]

Junior synonyms

Nematocrema Santschi, 1918
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Nematocrema)
Oxygyne Forel, 1901
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Oxygyne)
Paracrema Santschi, 1918
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Paracrema)
Physocrema Forel, 1912
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Physocrema)
Sphaerocrema Santschi, 1918
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Sphaerocrema)
Xiphocrema Forel, 1913
Obsolete classification(s): Crematogaster (Xiphocrema)

Subgenera

Crematogaster (Crematogaster) Lund, 1831
Crematogaster (Orthocrema) Santschi, 1918

Genus Crematogaster catalogues

Genus Crematogaster references

Mayr, 1855: 468 (diagnosis); Smith, 1858a: 135 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 74 (diagnosis, Europe species key); Mayr, 1865: 22 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 103 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1870b: 989 (New World species key); Mayr, 1876: 107 (Australia species key); Mayr, 1879: 680 (Asia species key); André, 1883b: 391 (Europe & Algeria species key); Nasonov, 1889: 76 (Russia species key); Forel, 1892l: 528 (Madagascar Crematogaster emmae species group key); Mayr, 1895: 135 (Africa species key); Forel, 1901j: 334 (subgeneric classification); Forel, 1903a: 679 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 124 (diagnosis, India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Ruzsky, 1905b: 486 (Russian Empire species key); Wheeler, 1910a: 140 (diagnosis); Forel, 1910a: 6 (subgeneric classification); Forel, 1911f: 331 (subgeneric classification); Forel, 1912g: 211 (subgeneric classification); Emery, 1912e: 651 (Palaearctic species key); Forel, 1913l: 1 (subgeneric classification); Santschi, 1913a: 411 (Crematogaster tricolor group, key); Emery, 1914e: 37 (tribe diagnosis (in key)); Emery, 1916a: 156 (Italy species key); Bondroit, 1918: 112 (France & Belgium species key); Santschi, 1918d: 183 (subgenera key); Mann, 1919: 323 (Solomon Is species key); Arnold, 1920a: 482, 486 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Emery, 1922c: 127 (Crematogaster diagnosis, subgenera key); Emery, 1922c: 130, 137, 137, 138, 139, 140, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157 (Crematogaster (Orthocrema), Crematogaster (Crematogaster), Crematogaster (Decacrema), Crematogaster (Xiphocrema), Crematogaster (Physocrema), Crematogaster (Acrocoelia), Crematogaster (Sphaerocrema), Crematogaster (Atopogyne), Crematogaster (Paracrema), Crematogaster (Oxygyne), Crematogaster (Nematocrema) diagnoses); Wheeler, 1922: 150, 661 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Santschi, 1928b: 31 (subgeneric classification); Menozzi, 1930b: 106 (Somalia species key); Santschi, 1930c: 263 (Japan species key); Menozzi, 1933b: 61 (Israel species key); Gallardo, 1934b: 4, 54 (Argentina Crematogaster (Orthocrema), Crematogaster (Neocrema) species keys); Menozzi, 1935a: 112 (Malayo-Papuasian Crematogaster (Orthocrema) species key); Finzi, 1936: 175 (Egypt species key); Santschi, 1937e: 311 (Palaearctic species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 300 (Himalaya & Tibet species key); Donisthorpe, 1941o: 226 (Crematogaster (Physocrema) species key); Cole, 1942: 363 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 288 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1945: 114 (Crematogaster (Rhachiocrema) species key); Enzmann, 1946c: 94 (U.S.A., Crematogaster (Acrocoelia) species key); Creighton, 1950a: 203 (Nearctic species key); Buren, 1959: 91 (Nearctic species revision, key); Fromantin & Soulié, 1961: 92 (subgenera key); Gregg, 1963: 356 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Soulié, 1965: 77 (genera key); Bernard, 1967a: 159 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Buren, 1968b: 91 (U.S.A. species key); Delage-Darchen, 1973: 221 (venation); Brown, 1973b: 161 (subgeneric classification critique); Alayo, 1974: 13 (Cuba species key); Tarbinsky, 1976: 75 (Kyrgyzstan species key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b: 54 (larvae, review & synthesis); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g: 47 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 272 (Balkans species key); Arnol'di & Dlussky, 1978: 538 (former European U.S.S.R. species key); Collingwood, 1978: 81 (Iberian Peninsula species key); Allred, 1982: 439 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Collingwood, 1985: 259 (Saudi Arabia species key); Johnson, 1988: 330 (Eastern U.S.A. species key); Dlussky et al., 1990: 242 (Turkmenistan species key); Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 128 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Brandão, 1991: 338 (Neotropical catalogue); Ogata, 1991b: 124 (diagnosis, Japan); Morisita et al., 1992: 59 (Japan species key); Atanassov & Dlussky, 1992: 181 (Bulgaria species key); Arakelian, 1994: 43 (Armenia species key); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 346 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1049 (census); Wu & Wang, 1995a: 62 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 328 (Saudi Arabia species key); Seifert, 1996b: 115 (Central Europe species key); Onoyama, 1998: 228 (Japan species key); Collingwood & Prince, 1998: 15 (Portugal species key); Shattuck, 1999: 132 (Australia synopsis); Zhou, 2001a: 73 (China, Guangxi species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 71 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Longino, 2003a: 25 (Costa Rica species key); Bolton, 2003: 66, 237 (diagnosis, synopsis); Radchenko, 2005b: 192 (North Korea species key); Cagniant, 2005: 8 (Morocco species key); Seifert, 2007: 115 (North and Central Europe species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2008: 1 (Indochinese Physocrema revision, species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2009a: 17 (Crematogaster (Physocrema) all species revision, key); Terayama, 2009: 177 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 146 (south-western Australia species key); Blaimer, 2010: 7, 14 (Madagascar subgenera and Crematogaster (Decacrema) species keys); Eguchi et al., 2011: 14 (diagnosis, Vietnam synopsis); Karaman, 2011a: 14 (Southern Europe species key); Blaimer, 2012a: 249 (Madagascar Crematogaster (Oxygyne) species key); Blaimer, 2012b: 34 (Madagascar Crematogaster (Orthocrema) species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2012: 20 (Crematogaster brevis complex key); Blaimer, 2012c: 52 (revision of subgenera); Blaimer, 2012d: 421 (phylogeny); Blaimer & Fisher, 2013a: 8 (Crematogaster kelleri group key); Blaimer & Fisher, 2013b: 11 (Malagasy subgenera and species group key, Crematogaster degeeri complex key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2014: 61 (Crematogaster fraxatrix group species key); Hosoishi, 2015: 68 (Crematogaster ranavalonae group, Asia species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2015a: 7 (Crematogaster popohana group key); Salata & Borowiec, 2015a: 75 (northeast Mediterranean species key); Baccaro et al., 2015: 274 (genus in Brazil); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2016a: 567 (Asian Crematogaster (Orthocrema) species key); Feldhaar et al., 2016: 656 (Crematogaster borneensis group key); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 249 (diagnosis); Cantone, 2017: 195 (brief male diagnosis); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2017: 6 (Crematogaster khmerensis group revision, key); Morgan & Mackay, 2017: 24 (North America species key); Fernández & Serna, 2019: 822 (Colombia); Pedraza & Fernández, 2019: 891 (Colombia species key); Sharaf et al., 2019: 31 (Arabia species key); Hosoishi & Ogata, 2019: 6 (Crematogaster rothneyi group species key); Hosoishi, 2020: 760 (Crematogaster ransonneti group key); Heterick, 2021: 166 (Western Australia species key); Ward & Blaimer, 2022: 897 (evolutionary history, biogeography of Crematogaster scutellaris group), 903 (North America species key), 930 (notes on and location of Crematogaster scutellaris group type specimens); Sharaf & Aldawood, 2022: 939 (modified Sharaf et al., 2019: 31, Arabia species key); Akbar et al., 2023: 13 (key to India species (workers)); Hosoishi et al., 2023: 901 (phylogeny, biogeography of Crematogaster inflata-group in South-East Asia), 910 (Crematogaster inflata-group worker diagnosis); Mohseni & Mikheyev, 2023: 489 (Iran species synoptic list, key); Salata et al., 2024: 107 (Greece species synoptic list, key); Dhadwal & Bharti, 2024: 22 (India species key); Harshana & Dey, 2024: 1 (distribution records in India); Ramamonjisoa et al., 2024: 333 (Malagasy region male diagnosis); Sharaf et al., 2024: 711 (Yemen species synoptic list, Arabian species key modifications); Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 134 (diagnosis, key to Greece species); Sharaf et al., 2025: 1425 (Arabian Crematogaster diagnosis), 1426 (Oman synoptic list), 1428 (modified Sharaf et al., 2019: 31, Arabia species key).

Citations

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Extant: 526 valid species, 260 valid subspecies

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