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References
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An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World
by Barry Bolton
Catalog
›
Formicidae
›
Pseudomyrmecinae
›
Pseudomyrmecini
›
Pachysima
Pachysima
Emery, 1912
junior synonym of current valid taxon
Tetraponera
Smith, 1852 feminine
Pachysima
Emery, 1912b
: 97 [as subgenus of
Sima
] Type-species:
Tetraponera aethiops
, by monotypy.
Pachysima
in
Myrmicinae
,
Pseudomyrmini
:
Forel, 1917
: 240;
Emery, 1921c
: 22.
Pachysima
in
Pseudomyrminae
:
Wheeler, 1922
: 112, 654.
Pachysima
as genus:
Wheeler, 1918c
: 308 (footnote);
Wheeler, 1922
: 112, 654;
Donisthorpe, 1943g
: 680;
Bolton, 1973a
: 358;
Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b
: 256.
Pachysima
as subgenus of
Sima
:
Emery, 1912b
: 97;
Forel, 1917
: 240;
Arnold, 1916
: 174;
Emery, 1921c
: 22.
Pachysima
as junior synonym of
Tetraponera
:
Brown, 1973b
: 183 [provisional];
Ward, 1990
: 470;
Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990
: 12;
Bolton, 1995b
: 41;
Tang
et al.
, 1995
: 46;
Bolton, 2003
: 136.
Obsolete classifications
Sima (Pachysima)
Citations
Arnold, G.
1916.
A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part II. Ponerinae, Dorylinae.
Annals of the South African Museum 14:159-270.
PDF
Bolton, B.
1973a.
The ant genera of West Africa: a synonymic synopsis with keys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 27:317-368.
PDF
Bolton, B.
1995b.
A new general catalogue of the ants of the world.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp.
Bolton, B.
2003.
Synopsis and classification of Formicidae.
Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370.
PDF
Brown, W. L., Jr.
1973b.
A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas.
Pp. 161-185 in:
Meggers, B. J.
;
Ayensu, E. S.
;
Duckworth, W. D.
(eds.) 1973.
Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review.
Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp.
PDF
Donisthorpe, H.
1943g.
A list of the type-species of the genera and subgenera of the Formicidae. [part].
Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11)10:617-688.
Emery, C.
1912b.
Études sur les Myrmicinae. [I-IV.].
Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 56:94-105.
PDF
Emery, C.
1921c.
Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Myrmicinae. [part].
Genera Insectorum 174A:1-94 + 7 plates.
PDF
Forel, A.
1917.
Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis.
Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 51:229-253.
PDF
Hölldobler, B.
;
Wilson, E. O.
1990.
The ants.
Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp.
Tang, J.
;
Li, S.
;
Huang, E.
;
Zhang, B.
;
Chen, Y.
1995.
Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 47. Hymenoptera: Formicidae (1). [In Chinese.].
Beijing: Academy of Science Publishing House, ix + 134 pp.
Ward, P. S.
1990.
The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): generic revision and relationship to other formicids.
Systematic Entomology 15:449-489.
PDF
Wheeler, G. C.
;
Wheeler, J.
1985b.
A simplified conspectus of the Formicidae.
Transactions of the American Entomological Society 111:255-264.
PDF
Wheeler, W. M.
1918c.
A study of some ant larvae, with a consideration of the origin and meaning of the social habit among insects.
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 57:293-343.
PDF
Wheeler, W. M.
1922.
Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition.
New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139.
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†fossil
valid
synonym
unidentifiable/excluded from Formicidae
homonym
unavailable/nomen nudum
obsolete combination
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