Phrynoponera
Wheeler, 1920
valid
feminine
Phrynoponera
Wheeler, 1920:
53
Type-species:
Bothroponera gabonensis (obsolete combination of Phrynoponera gabonensis), by original designation.
- Phrynoponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Wheeler, 1922: 648; all subsequent authors.
- Phrynoponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 183 [provisional]; Snelling, 1981: 389.
- Phrynoponera as genus: Wheeler, 1920: 53; Wheeler, 1922: 75; Bolton, 1994: 165.
Genus Phrynoponera references
Wheeler, 1922: 75, 773 (diagnosis, all species key, catalogue); Bolton, 1995b: 334 (catalogue); Bolton & Fisher, 2008b: 41 (diagnosis, all species revision, key); Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014: 127 (diagnosis, synoptic description, distribution, ecology and behavior, phylogenetic and taxonomic considerations); Cantone, 2017: 270 (brief male diagnosis)
Citations
- Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp.
- Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp.
- Bolton, B.; Fisher, B. L. 2008b. The Afrotropical ponerine ant genus Phrynoponera Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 1892:35-52. PDF
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J.; Ayensu, E. S.; Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) 1973. Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. PDF
- Cantone, S. 2017. Winged ants – The male. Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the world. Behavioral ecology of mating flight. São Paulo: Autopubblicato, 318 pp. PDF
- Schmidt, C. A.; Shattuck, S. O. 2014. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa 3817 (1):1-242. 10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1 PDF
- Snelling, R. R. 1981. Systematics of social Hymenoptera. Pp. 369-453 in: Hermann, H. R. (ed.) 1981. Social insects. Volume 2. New York: Academic Press, xiii + 491 pp.
- Wheeler, W. M. 1920. The subfamilies of Formicidae, and other taxonomic notes. Psyche (Cambridge) 27:46-55. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139.
Extant: 5 valid species
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