Bothroponera
Mayr, 1862
valid
feminine
Bothroponera
Mayr, 1862:
713 (diagnosis in key), 717
Type-species:
Ponera pumicosa (obsolete combination of Bothroponera pumicosa), by subsequent designation of Emery, 1901b: 42.
- Bothroponera in Ponerinae: Mayr, 1862: 713 (in key) [Poneridae]; Mayr, 1865: 13 [Poneridae]; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35 [Ponerinae].
- Bothroponera in Pachycondylinae, Pachycondylini: Ashmead, 1905c: 382.
- Bothroponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini: Emery, 1895l: 767; Emery, 1911e: 75 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Forel, 1917: 237 [subtribe Pachycondylini]; Wheeler, 1922: 648; subsequent authors.
- Bothroponera in Ponerinae, Ponerini, Odontomachus genus group: Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014: 72.
- Bothroponera as subgenus of Ponera: Emery, 1895l: 767; Emery, 1897: 551; Forel, 1900f: 325.
- Bothroponera as subgenus of Pachycondyla: Emery, 1901b: 42; Wheeler, 1910a: 135; Emery, 1911e: 75; Santschi, 1914b: 50; Arnold, 1915: 55; Forel, 1917: 237; Donisthorpe, 1943g: 628.
- Bothroponera as junior synonym of Pachycondyla: Brown, 1973b: 179 [provisional]; Snelling, 1981: 389; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 11; Brown, 1994: 164; Bolton, 1995b: 22; Tang et al., 1995: 39; Bolton, 2003: 166; MacKay & MacKay, 2010: 3.
- Bothroponera as genus: Mayr, 1862: 717; Mayr, 1863a: 397; Roger, 1863b: 16; Mayr, 1865: 13; Mayr, 1876: 87; Forel, 1891c: 127; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35; Bingham, 1903: 95; Ashmead, 1905c: 382; Wheeler, 1918c: 299 (footnote); Wheeler, 1922: 648; Wheeler & Chapman, 1925: 67; Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49; Bernard, 1953b: 187; Bolton, 1973a: 334; Taylor, 1987a: 9; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 21; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Joma & Mackay, 2013: 2; Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014: 72.
- [Bothrponera: incorrect subsequent spelling by Forel, 1917: 237.]
Obsolete classifications
Genus Bothroponera catalogues
Mayr, 1863a: 397; Roger, 1863b: 16; Dalla Torre, 1893: 35; Emery, 1901b: 45 (species list); Emery, 1911e: 75 (Pachycondyla (Bothroponera)); Wheeler, 1922: 769 (Afrotropical); Wheeler, 1922: 1007 (Malagasy); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 49 (Asia); Taylor & Brown, 1985: 21 (Australia); Taylor, 1987a: 9 (Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand); Bolton, 1995b: 302 (as part of Pachycondyla); Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014: 76 (species checklist); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 217 (Afrotropical, Malagasy checklist).
Genus Bothroponera references
Mayr, 1865: 13 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1867a: 82 (diagnosis); Emery, 1887f: 18 (footnote) (Asia, Australia key); Forel, 1900f: 322 (India, Sri Lanka Ponera (Bothroponera) species key); Emery, 1901b: 42 (diagnosis); Bingham, 1903: 96 (India, Sri Lanka, Burma Bothroponera species key); Emery, 1911e: 75 (Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) diagnosis); Arnold, 1915: 55 (South Africa Pachycondyla (Bothroponera) species key); Wheeler, 1922: 69, 72 (diagnosis, Afrotropical species key); Arnold, 1952a: 461 (South Africa species key); Rakotonirina & Fisher, 2013a: 105 (Madagascar Pachycondyla wasmannii group key); Joma & Mackay, 2013: 6 (Bothroponera cavernosa complex key); Schmidt & Shattuck, 2014: 74 (diagnosis, synopsis); Joma & Mackay, 2015: 543 (Bothroponera pumicosa complex key); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 216 (diagnosis); Joma & Mackay, 2017: 10 (Bothroponera sulcata complex key); Cantone, 2017: 253 (brief male diagnosis); Joma & Mackay, 2020: 364 (Bothroponera talpa species complex key).
Genus Bothroponera references note
Some Bothroponera references are listed under Pachycondyla, sensu lato.
Citations
- Arnold, G. 1915. A monograph of the Formicidae of South Africa. Part I. Ponerinae, Dorylinae. Annals of the South African Museum 14:1-159.
- Arnold, G. 1952a. New species of African Hymenoptera. No. 10. Occasional Papers of the National Museum of Southern Rhodesia 2:460-493. PDF
- Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Canadian Entomologist 37:381-384. PDF
- Bernard, F. 1953b ("1952"). La réserve naturelle intégrale du Mt Nimba. XI. Hyménoptères Formicidae. Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire 19:165-270. PDF
- Bingham, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Hymenoptera, Vol. II. Ants and Cuckoo-wasps. London: Taylor and Francis, 506 pp. PDF
- Bolton, B. 1973a. The ant genera of West Africa: a synonymic synopsis with keys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 27:317-368. PDF
- Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp.
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. PDF
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1973b. A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. Pp. 161-185 in: Meggers, B. J.; Ayensu, E. S.; Duckworth, W. D. (eds.) 1973. Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, viii + 350 pp. PDF
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1994. [Untitled. Taxonomic changes in Pachycondyla, Emeryopone and Ponera attributed to Brown.]. P. 164 in: Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp.
- Cantone, S. 2017. Winged ants – The male. Dichotomous key to genera of winged male ants in the world. Behavioral ecology of mating flight. São Paulo: Autopubblicato, 318 pp. PDF
- Chapman, J. W.; Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monographs of the Institute of Science and Technology. Manila 1:1-327. PDF
- Dalla Torre, K. W. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. PDF
- Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. [In Russian.]. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) 1988. Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. [In Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp.
- Donisthorpe, H. 1943g. A list of the type-species of the genera and subgenera of the Formicidae. [part]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (11)10:617-688.
- Emery, C. 1887f. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Parte terza. Formiche della regione Indo-Malese e dell'Australia (continuazione e fine). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 25[=(2)5]:433-448. PDF
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8:685-778. PDF
- Emery, C. 1897. Viaggio di Lamberto Loria nella Papuasia orientale. XVIII. Formiche raccolte nella Nuova Guinea dal Dott. Lamberto Loria. Dummy reference. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale 38[=(2)18]:546-594.
- Emery, C. 1901b. Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponérines (Famille des Formicides). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 45:32-54. PDF
- Emery, C. 1911e. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118:1-125. PDF
- Fisher, B. L.; Bolton, B. 2016. Ants of the world. Ants of Africa and Madagascar. A guide to the genera. Berkeley: University of California Press, ix + 503 pp.
- Forel, A. 1891c. Les Formicides. [part]. In: Grandidier, A. 1891. Histoire physique, naturelle, et politique de Madagascar. Volume XX. Histoire naturelle des Hyménoptères. Deuxième partie (28e fascicule). Paris: Hachette et Cie, v + 237 pp. PDF
- Forel, A. 1900f. Les Formicides de l'Empire des Indes et de Ceylan. Part VII. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 13:303-332. PDF
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 51:229-253. PDF
- Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp.
- Joma, A. M. A.; Mackay, W. P. 2013. A new species of Afrotropical ants in the genus Bothroponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Psyche 2013 Article ID 917847:8 pp. 10.1155/2013/917847 PDF
- Joma, A. M. A.; Mackay, W. P. 2015. Revision of the African ants of the Bothroponera pumicosa species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Sociobiology 62:538-563. 10.13102/sociobiology.v62i4.845 PDF
- Joma, A. M. A.; Mackay, W. P. 2017. Revision of the African ants of the Bothroponera sulcata species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 143:7-71. PDF
- Joma, A. M. A.; Mackay, W. P. 2020. Revision of the African ants of the Bothroponera talpa species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 146 (2):355-408. 10.3157/061.146.0206 PDF
- MacKay, W. P.; MacKay, E. 2010. The systematics and biology of the New World ants of the genus Pachycondyla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, xii + 642 pp. PDF
- Mayr, G. 1862. Myrmecologische Studien. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 12:649-776. PDF
- Mayr, G. 1863a. Formicidarum index synonymicus. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13:385-460. PDF
- Mayr, G. 1865. Formicidae. In: Novara Expedition 1865. Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte "Novara" um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Bd. II. Abt. 1. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn, 119 pp. PDF
- Mayr, G. 1867a. Adnotationes in monographiam formicidarum Indo-Neerlandicarum. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 10:33-117. PDF
- Mayr, G. 1876. Die australischen Formiciden. Journal des Museum Godeffroy 12:56-115. PDF
- Rakotonirina, J. C.; Fisher, B. L. 2013a. Revision of the Pachycondyla wasmannii-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Malagasy region. Zootaxa 3609:101-141. PDF
- Roger, J. 1863b. Verzeichniss der Formiciden-Gattungen und Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 7(Beilage):1-65. PDF
- Santschi, F. 1914b. Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale, 1911-1912. Résultats scientifiques. Insectes Hyménoptères. II. Formicidae. Paris: Libr. A. Schulz, pp. 41-148. PDF
- Schmidt, C. A.; Shattuck, S. O. 2014. The higher classification of the ant subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a review of ponerine ecology and behavior. Zootaxa 3817 (1):1-242. 10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1 PDF
- Snelling, R. R. 1981. Systematics of social Hymenoptera. Pp. 369-453 in: Hermann, H. R. (ed.) 1981. Social insects. Volume 2. New York: Academic Press, xiii + 491 pp.
- Tang, J.; Li, S.; Huang, E.; Zhang, B.; Chen, Y. 1995. Economic insect fauna of China. Fasc. 47. Hymenoptera: Formicidae (1). [In Chinese.]. Beijing: Academy of Science Publishing House, ix + 134 pp.
- Taylor, R. W. 1987a. A checklist of the ants of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization) Division of Entomology Report 41:1-92. PDF
- Taylor, R. W.; Brown, D. R. 1985. Formicoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia 2:1-149, 306-348.
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1985b. A simplified conspectus of the Formicidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 111:255-264. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1918c. A study of some ant larvae, with a consideration of the origin and meaning of the social habit among insects. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 57:293-343. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139.
- Wheeler, W. M.; Chapman, J. W. 1925. The ants of the Philippine Islands. Part I, Dorylinae and Ponerinae. Philippine Journal of Science 28:47-73. PDF
Extant: 43 valid species, 3 valid subspecies
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