Formica gnava
Buckley, 1866:
156 (w.q.m.)
U.S.A. (Texas).
Nearctic.
Primary type information:
Primary type material: syntype workers, syntype queens, syntype males (numbers not stated). Primary type locality: U.S.A.: Texas (S.B. Buckley) (by restriction of Wheeler, 1913i: 519). Primary type depository: unknown (no material known to exist (Creighton, 1950a: 539)).
Type notes:
1) The neotype designation by Francoeur, 1973: 238, is redundant because of multiple inclusions: “specimens collected by Wheeler at Austin, Travis Co., on different dates, are chosen as neotypes”. 2) Other original syntype localities: U.S.A.: District of Columbia, Washington (no collector’s name), U.S.A.: New York, Naples (no collector’s name), U.S.A.: Connecticut (Norton).
- Neotype designation: Francoeur, 1973: 238 (redundant).
- Combination in Formica (Serviformica): Emery, 1925d: 250.
- Subspecies of Formica fusca: Wheeler, 1902g: 20; Wheeler, 1906i: 344; Wheeler, 1910a: 570.
- Subspecies of Formica rufibarbis: Wheeler, 1913i: 518 (redescription); Wheeler, 1914c: 56; Wheeler, 1917a: 550; Emery, 1925d: 250; Cole, 1937b: 138; Cole, 1942: 383; Creighton, 1950a: 539; Smith, 1951c: 870; Smith, 1958c: 159; Smith, 1967a: 373.
- Status as species: Cresson, 1887: 256; Dalla Torre, 1893: 199; Francoeur, 1973: 238 (redescription); Francoeur, 1975: 263; Hunt & Snelling, 1975: 23; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1977b: 16 (in key); Smith, 1979: 1453; Snelling & George, 1979: 247; Allred, 1982: 465; Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g: 89 (in key); MacKay et al., 1988: 109 (in key); Bolton, 1995b: 196; Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 345; Ward, 2005: 63.
- Material of the nomen nudum Formica subsericeoneorufibarbis (misspelled as Formica subsericeorufibarbis by Emery, 1925d: 250) referred here by Wheeler, 1913i: 518.
Citations
- Allred, D. M. 1982. Ants of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 42:415-511.
- Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp.
- Buckley, S. B. 1866. Descriptions of new species of North American Formicidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia 6:152-172. PDF
- Cole, A. C., Jr. 1937b. An annotated list of the ants of Arizona (Hym.: Formicidae). [concl.]. Entomological News 48:134-140. PDF
- Cole, A. C., Jr. 1942. The ants of Utah. American Midland Naturalist 28:358-388. PDF
- Creighton, W. S. 1950a. The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 104:1-585. PDF
- Cresson, E. T. Sr. 1887. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species, and bibliography. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Suppl. Vol. 1887:1-351. PDF
- Dalla Torre, K. W. 1893. Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 7. Formicidae (Heterogyna). Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 289 pp. PDF
- Emery, C. 1925d. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum 183:1-302. PDF
- Francoeur, A. 1973. Révision taxonomique des espèces néarctiques du groupe fusca, genre Formica (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). Mémoires de la Société Entomologique du Québec 3:1-316. PDF
- Francoeur, A. 1975 ("1974"). Notes for a revision of the ant genus Formica. 1. New identifications and synonymies for some nearctic specimens from Emery, Forel and Mayr collections. Entomological News 85:257-264. PDF
- Hunt, J. H.; Snelling, R. R. 1975. A checklist of the ants of Arizona. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 10:20-23. PDF
- MacKay, W. P.; Lowrie, D.; Fisher, A.; MacKay, E. E.; Barnes, F. 1988. The ants of Los Alamos County, New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Pp. 79-131 in: Trager, J. C. (ed.) 1988. Advances in myrmecology. Leiden: E. J. Brill, xxvii + 551 pp. PDF
- Mackay, W.; Mackay, E. 2002. The ants of New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 400 pp. PDF
- Smith, D. R. 1979. Superfamily Formicoidea. Pp. 1323-1467 in: Krombein, K. V.; Hurd, P. D.; Smith, D. R.; Burks, B. D. (eds.) 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Volume 2. Apocrita (Aculeata). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. i-xvi, 1199-2209.
- Smith, M. R. 1951c. Family Formicidae. Pp. 778-875 in: Muesebeck, C. F. W.; Krombein, K. V.; Townes, H. K. (eds.) 1951. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalogue. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph 2:1-1420. PDF
- Smith, M. R. 1958c. Family Formicidae. Pp. 108-162 in: Krombein, K. V. (ed.) 1958. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalogue. First supplement. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph 2(suppl. 1):1-305. PDF
- Smith, M. R. 1967a. Family Formicidae. Pp. 343-374 in: Krombein, K. V.; Burks, B. D. (eds.) 1967. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalog. Second supplement. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Monograph 2(suppl. 2):1-584. PDF
- Snelling, R. R.; George, C. D. 1979. The taxonomy, distribution and ecology of California desert ants. Report to California Desert Plan Program, Bureau of Land Management. Riverside: U.S. Dept. Interior, 335 + 89 pp.
- Ward, P. S. 2005. A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 936:1-68. PDF
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1977b. North Dakota ants updated. Reno, Nevada: published by the authors, 27 pp. PDF
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1986g. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, vii + 138 pp. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1902g. A consideration of S. B. Buckley's "North American Formicidae.". Transactions of the Texas Academy of Sciences 4:17-31. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1906i. The ants of the Grand Cañon. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 22:329-345. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1913i. A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (Linné) Mayr. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 53:379-565. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1914c. Ants collected by W. M. Mann in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 22:37-61. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1917a. The mountain ants of western North America. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 52:457-569. PDF