Pheidole Westwood, 1839 valid feminine
Pheidole Westwood, 1839a: 219 Type-species: Atta providens (obsolete combination of Pheidole providens), by monotypy.
Junior synonyms
Obsolete classifications
Genus Pheidole catalogues

Mayr, 1863a: 424, 440 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole); Roger, 1863b: 27, 30 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole); Emery & Forel, 1879: 463 (Europe); Cresson, 1887: 262 (U.S.A.); Dalla Torre, 1893: 88, 98 (Pheidole, Pheidolacanthinus); Emery, 1921c: 76, 81, 81, 83, 83, 84 (Machomyrma, Pheidole (Macropheidole), Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus), Pheidole (Stegopheidole), Pheidole (Anisopheidole), Pheidole (Pheidole)); Emery, 1922c: 110, 111, 112, 112, 112, 113, 114, 115, 115, 116 (Pheidole (Elasmopheidole), Pheidole (Trachypheidole), Pheidole (Scrobopheidole), Pheidole (Decapheidole), Pheidole (Ceratopheidole), Ischnomyrmex, Epipheidole, Sympheidole, Parapheidole, Anergatides); Wheeler, 1922: 806, 879 (Afrotropical Pheidole, Anergatides); Wheeler, 1922: 1017, 1021 (Malagasy Pheidole, Parapheidole); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 135, 137 (Asia Ceratopheidole, Conothorax, Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole); Smith, 1951c: 799, 806, 807 (North America Pheidole, Epipheidole, Sympheidole); Ettershank, 1966: 129 (Anisopheidole); Kempf, 1972b: 183 (Neotropical); Smith, 1979: 1365 (North America); Taylor & Brown, 1985: 54, 65, 74 (Australia Anisopheidole, Machomyrma, Pheidole); Taylor, 1987a: 7, 53 (Australia, New Caledonia & New Zealand Anisopheidole, Pheidole); Brandão, 1991: 368 (Neotropical); Bolton, 1995b: 63, 248, 316 (Anisopheidole, Machomyrma, Pheidole); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 366 (Afrotropical, Malagasy checklist); Boudinot et al., 2024: 148 (fossil synopsis)

Genus Pheidole references

Smith, 1858a: 172 (diagnosis); Mayr, 1861: 69, 70 (diagnosis, Europe species key); Mayr, 1865: 18, 22 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1867a: 92, 96 (Ischnomyrmex, Pheidole diagnoses); Mayr, 1870b: 977, 979 (Australia & New World species keys); Mayr, 1876: 102 (Australia species key); André, 1883b: 382 (Europe & Algeria species key); Mayr, 1879: 674 (Asia species key); Mayr, 1887: 582 (New World species key); Nasonov, 1889: 75 (Russia species key); Emery, 1895d: 288 (North America species key); Mayr, 1896: 241 (Africa species, partial key); Emery, 1896g: 80 (Pheidole flavens group, key); Forel, 1902c: 165 (India species key); Forel, 1902g: 523 (India & Sri Lanka species key); Bingham, 1903: 223 (India, Sri Lanka & Burma species key); Wheeler, 1908a: 133 (Puerto Rico species key); Emery, 1916a: 149 (Italy species key); Arnold, 1920a: 414 (diagnosis, South Africa species key); Mann, 1921: 442 (Fiji Is species key); Emery, 1921c: 76, 78, 80, 81, 81, 83, 83, 84 (Machomyrma, Pheidole diagnosis, subgenera key, Pheidole (Macropheidole), Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus), Pheidole (Stegopheidole), Pheidole (Anisopheidole), Pheidole (Pheidole) diagnoses); Emery, 1922c: 110, 111, 112, 112, 112, 113, 114, 115, 115, 116 (Pheidole (Elasmopheidole), Pheidole (Trachypheidole), Pheidole (Scrobopheidole), Pheidole (Decapheidole), Pheidole (Ceratopheidole), Ischnomyrmex, Epipheidole, Sympheidole, Parapheidole, Anergatides diagnoses); Wheeler, 1922: 126, 672 (diagnosis, subgenera key); Gallardo, 1932d: 179 (Argentina Elasmopheidole species key); Finzi, 1936: 165 (Egypt species key); Menozzi, 1939a: 298 (Himalaya species key); Cole, 1942: 362 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Buren, 1944a: 285 (U.S.A., Iowa species key); Creighton, 1950a: 163 (Pheidole Nearctic species key), 192 (Epipheidole Nearctic species), 194 (Sympheidole Nearctic species); Kusnezov, 1952d: 61 (Argentina species key); Smith, 1955d: 302 (Pheidole (Hendecapheidole) species key); Gregg, 1959: 9 (U.S.A. species key); Gregg, 1963: 407 (U.S.A., Colorado species key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1963: 126 (U.S.A., North Dakota species key); Ettershank, 1966: 129 (Anisopheidole diagnosis, review of genus); Bernard, 1967a: 149 (diagnosis, Western Europe species key); Gregg, 1969b: 95 (addition to Gregg, 1959 U.S.A. key); Alayo, 1974: 11 (Cuba species key); Allred, 1982: 441 (U.S.A., Utah species key); Ogata, 1982: 191 (Japan species key); Collingwood, 1985: 253 (Saudi Arabia species key); Naves, 1985: 54 (U.S.A., Florida species key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986g: 41 (U.S.A., Nevada species key); Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b: 271 (Balkans species key); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 15 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1990a: 123 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Ogata, 1991b: 88 (diagnosis, Japan); Morisita et al., 1992: 22 (Japan species key); Bolton, 1994: 106 (synoptic classification); Kupyanskaya, 1995: 345 (Far Eastern Russia species key); Bolton, 1995a: 1051 (census); Wu & Wang, 1995a: 99 (China species key); Collingwood & Agosti, 1996: 322 (Saudi Arabia species key); Park & Kim, 2000a: 109 (Korea species key); Shattuck, 1999: 125, 139, 152 (Australia Anisopheidole, Machomyrma, Pheidole, synopsis); Eguchi, 1999: 103 (Borneo Pheidole longipes group, key); Ward, 2000a: 96 (U.S.A. Pheidole hyatti complex, key); Zhou, 2001a: 121 (China, Guangxi species key); Eguchi, 2001b: 10 (Borneo species key); Mackay & Mackay, 2002: 149 (U.S.A., New Mexico species key); Wilson, 2003a: 27 (New World, all species revision, key); Moreau, 2008: 224 (phylogeny of genus); Eguchi, 2008: 8 (North Vietnam species key); Sarnat, 2008: 8 (Fiji Is Pheidole roosevelti group, key); Terayama, 2009: 171 (Taiwan species key); Heterick, 2009: 169 (southwestern Australia species key); Eguchi et al., 2011: 23 (diagnosis, Vietnam synopsis); Sarnat & Moreau, 2011: 114 (Pheidole roosevelti group phylogeny and radiation); Fischer et al., 2012: 9 (Afrotropical Pheidole pulchella group key); Sarnat & Economo, 2012: 93 (Fiji Is species key); Fischer & Fisher, 2013: 308 (SW Indian Ocean islands species key); Economo et al., 2015: 1 (global phylogeny); Sarnat et al., 2015: 13 (introduced species key); Baccaro et al., 2015: 252 (genus in Brazil); Fischer et al., 2016: 13 (Pheidole knowlesi group key); Sarnat et al., 2016: 11 (Pheidole cervicornis group key); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 364 (diagnosis); Cantone, 2017: 226 (brief male diagnosis); Fernández & Serna, 2019: 868 (Colombia fauna); Serna et al., 2019: 919 (Colombia species, diagrammatic identifications); Salata & Fisher, 2020a: 1 (Malagasy species groups), 9 (key to species groups from Madagascar); Salata & Fisher, 2020b: 8 (Pheidole sikorae group key); Salata & Fisher, 2020c: 7 (key to Pheidole bessonii group); Casadei-Ferreira et al., 2020: 5 (updated key to species from Brazilian grasslands); Salata & Fisher, 2021: 7 (Malagasy Pheidole fervens group key); Heterick, 2021: 189 (Western Australia species key); Klunk et al., 2021: 1 (mandible functional morphology); Zhong, 2021: 2 (key to species (Fujian, China major workers); Salata & Fisher, 2022: 1 (revision of Malagasy Pheidole megacephala species-group), 6 (Malagasy Pheidole megacephala species-group synopsis, diagnosis), 8 (key to Malagasy Pheidole megacephala species-group); Gómez et al., 2022: 133 (synoptic list of Pheidole pulchella species group), 145 (Pheidole pulchella species group key (minor workers), 147 (Pheidole pulchella species group key (major workers); Ramamonjisoa et al., 2024: 339 (Malagasy region male diagnosis); Vázquez-Franco et al., 2024: 208 (modified Wilson, 2003a key); Borowiec & Salata, 2025a: 360 (diagnosis, key to Greece species); Espadaler & Vila, 2025: 5 (Spain: Barcelona, Catalonia worker key).

Citations

Extant: 1,164 valid species, 124 valid subspecies

Fossil: 9 valid species

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